微量热计时代III的X射线光谱学：光致电离云的类氢和类氦铁中A、B、C和D情况下谱线的形成
X-ray spectroscopy in the microcalorimeter era III: line formation under Case A, Case B, Case C, and Case D in H- and He-like iron for a photoionized cloud
摘要：
未来的微量热计X射线观测将以无与伦比的细节解析光谱特征。理解X射线谱线的形成过程值得重视。本文的目的是讨论在光致电离源的存在下，这样的过程。线形成过程中的一个和两个电子物种被广泛地分为四种情况。当莱曼线光学深度非常小并且不发生光激发时，发生情况A。线光子在没有任何散射的情况下逃离云。当莱曼线的光学深度足够大，使光子经历多次散射时，就会出现B情况。当宽带连续谱源撞击光学薄云时，情况C发生。莱曼线通过由连续光子引起的原子/离子的辐射激发而增强，也称为连续泵浦。第四种研究较少的情况，即情况B的光谱通过连续泵浦增强，称为情况D。在这里，我们建立的数学基础的情况A，B，C和D的辐射云与多云。我们还显示了总的X射线发射光谱的能量范围内的所有四种情况下，在0.1 - 10千电子伏的XRISM约6千电子伏的分辨率。此外，我们表明，电子散射和连续抽运的部分阻塞的组合效应降低了共振线强度。这种减少随着柱密度的增加而增加，并且可以用作测量云的柱密度/光学深度的重要工具。
英文摘要：
Future microcalorimeter X-ray observations will resolve spectral features in unmatched detail. Understanding the line formation processes in the X-rays deserves much attention. The purpose of this paper is to discuss such processes in the presence of a photoionizing source. Line formation processes in one and two-electron species are broadly categorized into four cases. Case A occurs when the Lyman line optical depths are very small and photoexcitation does not occur. Line photons escape the cloud without any scattering. Case B occurs when the Lyman-line optical depths are large enough for photons to undergo multiple scatterings. Case C occurs when a broadband continuum source strikes an optically thin cloud. The Lyman lines are enhanced by induced radiative excitation of the atoms/ions by continuum photons, also known as continuum pumping. A fourth less-studied scenario, where the Case B spectrum is enhanced by continuum pumping, is called Case D. Here, we establish the mathematical foundation of Cases A, B, C, and D in an irradiated cloud with Cloudy. We also show the total X-ray emission spectrum for all four cases within the energy range 0.1 - 10 keV at the resolving power of XRISM around 6 keV. Additionally, we show that a combined effect of electron scattering and partial blockage of continuum pumping reduces the resonance line intensities. Such reduction increases with column density and can serve as an important tool to measure the column density/optical depth of the cloud.
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