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arXiv 2103.05733cond-mat.quant-gas
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超流费米气体在transition temperature附近的集体激发

Collective excitations of superfluid Fermi gases near the transition temperature

S. N. Klimin, J. Tempere, H. Kurkjian

摘要:

通过研究二组分费米气体中的集体配对现象,我们预言在相变温度$T_c$附近出现二次色散的高分辨集体模。在系统对驾驶配对字段的响应中,该模式在$T_c$上方和下方都可见。当从下面接近$T_c$时,声子和对断裂分支,零温度行为的特征,当对相关长度达到其临界发散行为$ξ_{\rm pair}\propto|T_c-T|^{-1/2}$时,减少到非常低的能量-动量区域;在其他地方,它们被二次色散配对共振所取代,从而作为相变的前兆。在强耦合和玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体状态下,该模式是与洛伦兹共振相关联的弱阻尼传播模式。相反,在BCS极限,它是一个纯虚本征能的弛豫模式。在大动量时,共振消失时,它被重吸收的较低边缘的配对连续。在0和$T_c$之间的中间温度下,我们统一了新发现的集体现象附近的$T_c$的声子和对破支预测从以前的研究,我们详尽分类的解析连续色散方程的根,并表明,他们提供了一个很好的总结对光谱函数。

英文摘要:

Studying the collective pairing phenomena in a two-component Fermi gas, we predict the appearance near the transition temperature $T_c$ of a well-resolved collective mode of quadratic dispersion. The mode is visible both above and below $T_c$ in the system's response to a driving pairing field. When approaching $T_c$ from below, the phononic and pair-breaking branches, characteristic of the zero temperature behavior, reduce to a very low energy-momentum region when the pair correlation length reaches its critical divergent behavior $ξ_{\rm pair}\propto|T_c-T|^{-1/2}$; elsewhere, they are replaced by the quadratically-dispersed pairing resonance, which thus acts as a precursor of the phase transition. In the strong-coupling and Bose-Einstein Condensate regime, this mode is a weakly-damped propagating mode associated to a Lorentzian resonance. Conversely, in the BCS limit it is a relaxation mode of pure imaginary eigenenergy. At large momenta, the resonance disappears when it is reabsorbed by the lower-edge of the pairing continuum. At intermediate temperatures between 0 and $T_c$, we unify the newly found collective phenomena near $T_c$ with the phononic and pair-breaking branches predicted from previous studies, and we exhaustively classify the roots of the analytically continued dispersion equation, and show that they provided a very good summary of the pair spectral functions.

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