用卫星遥感校正近红外观测的近实时可降水水汽监测
Near real-time precipitable water vapour monitoring for correcting near-infrared observations using satellite remote sensing
摘要：
在寻找光谱能量分布在近红外线处达到峰值的绕冷恒星运行的小型系外行星时，由于大气中的水蒸气，该区域的辐射被强烈吸收，这对地面观测冷恒星产生了特别不利的影响。为了达到近红外探测系外行星所需的测光精度，有必要减轻可变可降水量对径向速度和测光测量的影响。其目的是通过监测天顶和任何可见目标视线沿线的可降水水蒸气量来进行全球PWV校正。我们开发了一个开源Python包，该包使用地球同步运行环境卫星（GOES）图像数据，该数据提供不同压力水平下的温度和相对湿度，以计算GOES覆盖的任何地面观测站上方的近实时PWV，每5分钟或10分钟一次，具体取决于位置。我们计算了Cerro Paranal（智利）和San Pedro Mártir（墨西哥）以上选定日期的PWV值，以基准程序。我们还模拟了不同的指向测试目标，从网站上观察到的PWV沿视线计算。为了评估我们的方法的准确性，我们将我们的结果与从Cerro Paranal获得的现场辐射计测量结果进行了比较。我们的研究结果表明，我们的公开代码被证明是一个很好的支持工具，用于测量本地PWV的任何地面设施的GOES覆盖范围内，这将有助于减少相关的噪声贡献，在近红外地面观测，不受益于现场PWV测量。
英文摘要：
In the search for small exoplanets orbiting cool stars whose spectral energy distributions peak in the near infrared, the strong absorption of radiation in this region due to water vapour in the atmosphere is a particularly adverse effect for the ground-based observations of cool stars. To achieve the photometric precision required to detect exoplanets in the near infrared, it is necessary to mitigate the impact of variable precipitable water vapour (PWV) on radial-velocity and photometric measurements. The aim is to enable global PWV correction by monitoring the amount of precipitable water vapour at zenith and along the line of sight of any visible target. We developed an open source Python package that uses Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) imagery data, which provides temperature and relative humidity at different pressure levels to compute near real-time PWV above any ground-based observatory covered by GOES every 5 minutes or 10 minutes depending on the location. We computed PWV values on selected days above Cerro Paranal (Chile) and San Pedro Mártir (Mexico) to benchmark the procedure. We also simulated different pointing at test targets as observed from the sites to compute the PWV along the line of sight. To asses the accuracy of our method, we compared our results with the on-site radiometer measurements obtained from Cerro Paranal. Our results show that our publicly-available code proves to be a good supporting tool for measuring the local PWV for any ground-based facility within the GOES coverage, which will help in reducing correlated noise contributions in near-infrared ground-based observations that do not benefit from on-site PWV measurements.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
