低空空域非相关相遇模式的适用性和替代性
Applicability and Surrogacy of Uncorrelated Airspace Encounter Models at Low Altitudes
摘要：
国家空域系统（NAS）是一个复杂的和不断发展的系统，使安全和高效的航空。先进的空中机动概念和新的空域进入者，如无人驾驶飞机，必须在不降低整体安全性或效率的情况下集成到NAS中。例如，需要法规、标准和系统来减轻飞机之间空中碰撞的风险。几十年来，蒙特卡罗模拟一直是开发、评估和验证飞机冲突避免系统的基础能力。这些通常通过人在回路实验和飞行测试来验证。对于许多航空安全研究，有人驾驶飞机的行为表示使用动态贝叶斯网络。最初的统计模型是在2008年至2013年期间开发的，用于支持高于地面500英尺（AGL）高度的安全模拟。然而，这些模型不足以评估AGL低于500英尺的小型UAS操作的安全性。作为回应，自2018年以来一直在开发海拔低于500英尺AGL的新型号。许多模型假设飞机的行为是不相关的，不依赖于空中交通服务或附近的飞机。我们的研究目标是比较传统飞机的各种不相关模型并确定模型的差异。特别是如果旋翼飞机的型号与固定翼飞机的型号有很大的不同，需要特定型号。主要的贡献是指导不相关的模型，以利用时，评估的防撞系统的性能设计用于低空操作。我们还解决哪些模型可以替代不合作的飞机没有转发器。
英文摘要：
The National Airspace System (NAS) is a complex and evolving system that enables safe and efficient aviation. Advanced air mobility concepts and new airspace entrants, such as unmanned aircraft, must integrate into the NAS without degrading overall safety or efficiency. For instance, regulations, standards, and systems are required to mitigate the risk of a midair collision between aircraft. Monte Carlo simulations have been a foundational capability for decades to develop, assess, and certify aircraft conflict avoidance systems. These are often validated through human-in-the-loop experiments and flight testing. For many aviation safety studies, manned aircraft behavior is represented using dynamic Bayesian networks. The original statistical models were developed from 2008-2013 to support safety simulations for altitudes above 500 feet Above Ground Level (AGL). However, these models were not sufficient to assess the safety of smaller UAS operations below 500 feet AGL. In response, newer models with altitude floors below 500 feet AGL have been in development since 2018. Many of the models assume that aircraft behavior is uncorrelated and not dependent on air traffic services or nearby aircraft. Our research objective was to compare the various uncorrelated models of conventional aircraft and identify how the models differ. Particularly if models of rotorcraft were sufficiently different than models of fixed-wing aircraft to require type specific models. The primary contribution is guidance on which uncorrelated models to leverage when evaluating the performance of a collision avoidance system designed for low altitude operations. We also address which models can be surrogates for noncooperative aircraft without transponders.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
