航天器近场辐射辅助智能蒙皮热控
Near-field radiation assisted smart skin for spacecraft thermal control
摘要：
热控对于航天器的正常运行至关重要。鉴于热辐射是空间中唯一的散热方式，航天器的有效热控制方法是在辐射器上涂覆可调发射率的“皮肤”，该皮肤可以根据不同的热条件调节其散热。现有的基于机械、电致变色或热致变色等工作原理的远场热辐射方案，很难结合全固态结构、主动精确调谐、热通量调谐范围大等优点。在这项工作中，我们提出了一个近场辐射辅助（NFRA）智能皮肤的热控制，可以调整散热准确，在很大的范围。它包含金属-绝缘体-半导体（MIS）结构，其中半导体层中的载流子分布可以被电改变。以这种方式，近场热通量以及最终使用有效发射率表示的皮肤发射功率可以作为所施加电压的函数来控制。初步设计表明，在-10 V ~ 100 V电压范围内，有效发射度的变化范围可达0.7以上。该工作为航天器主动热控智能蒙皮设计开辟了新的途径。
英文摘要：
Thermal control is of critical importance for normal operation of spacecraft. Given thermal radiation is the only means of heat dissipation in space, an efficient thermal control approach for spacecraft is to coat the radiator with a tunable-emittance "skin" that can tune its heat dissipation according to various thermal conditions. The existing schemes solely relying on far-field thermal radiation, which are based on mechanical, electrochromic or thermochromic working principles, are difficult to combine the advantages of all-solid-state structure, actively and accurate tuning, and large tuning range of heat flux. In this work, we propose a near-field radiation assisted (NFRA) smart skin for thermal control which can tune the heat rejection accurately and in a large range. It contains a metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) structure, where the carrier distribution in the semiconductor layer can be electrically altered. In this way, the near-field heat flux, and ultimately the skin emission power expressed using effective emittance, can be controlled as a function of the applied voltage. The variation range of the effective emittance can exceed 0.7 when adjusting the applied voltage from -10 V to 100 V with our preliminary design. This work opens a new way of smart skin design for active spacecraft thermal control.
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