氢化μ 鎓：密度最低的晶体
Muonium hydride: the lowest density crystal
摘要：
氢化μ 鎓分子是μ 鎓和氢原子的结合态。它的质量是仲氢分子的一半，在基态下具有非常相似的电子性质。用第一性原理量子模拟研究了这种粒子组装的相图。在体积极限下，低温平衡相是密度非常低的晶体，低于任何其他已知的原子或分子晶体。尽管密度和颗粒质量较低，但熔融温度惊人地高（接近9 K）。没有观察到（亚稳）超固相。我们研究了μ 鎓氢化物纳米级团簇（最多200个粒子）的物理性质，发现超流响应与仲氢团簇相比大大增强。这些系统的可能的实验实现进行了讨论。
英文摘要：
A muonium hydride molecule is a bound state of muonium and hydrogen atoms. It has half the mass of a parahydrogen molecule and very similar electronic properties in its ground state. The phase diagram of an assembly of such particles is investigated by first principle quantum simulations. In the bulk limit, the low-temperature equilibrium phase is a crystal of extraordinarily low density, lower than that of any other known atomic or molecular crystal. Despite the low density and particle mass, the melting temperature is surprisingly high (close to 9 K). No (metastable) supersolid phase is observed. We investigated the physical properties of nanoscale clusters (up to 200 particles) of muonium hydride and found the superfluid response to be greatly enhanced compared to that of parahydrogen clusters. The possible experimental realization of these systems is discussed.
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