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arXiv 2103.03748cond-mat.stat-mechcond-mat.quant-gas
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驱动耗散系统的自发对称性破缺

Spontaneous symmetry breaking in a driven-dissipative system

J. Smits, H. T. C. Stoof, P. van der Straten

摘要:

自发对称性破缺(SSB)是物理学中的一个关键概念,几十年来在许多不同领域的许多物理现象的描述中发挥了至关重要的作用,如粒子物理学,宇宙学和凝聚态物理。因此,单边带是一个普遍存在的概念,连接了几个“高”和“低”能量的物理领域,许多教科书都详细描述了它的基本特征。然而,在实验室中研究对称性破缺的动力学是极其困难的。例如,在凝聚态物理中,微小的外部扰动会导致特定构型的对称性破缺,而这些扰动通常在实验中无法避免。尽管有这些并发症,在这里,我们描述了一个实验,在该实验中,我们直接观察到自发打破的驱动系统的时间相位相对于驱动器成两个不同的值不同的$π$。

英文摘要:

Spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) is a key concept in physics that for decades has played a crucial role in the description of many physical phenomena in a large number of different areas, like particle physics, cosmology, and condensed-matter physics. SSB is thus an ubiquitous concept connecting several, both "high" and "low" energy, areas of physics and many textbooks describe its basic features in great detail. However, to study the dynamics of symmetry breaking in the laboratory is extremely difficult. In condensed-matter physics, for example, tiny external disturbances cause a preference for the breaking of the symmetry in a particular configuration and typically those disturbances cannot be avoided in experiments. Notwithstanding these complications, here we describe an experiment, in which we directly observe the spontaneous breaking of the temporal phase of a driven system with respect to the drive into two distinct values differing by $π$.

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