太阳系中的星际物体：1.来自盖亚早期数据释放3的各向同性动力学
Interstellar Objects in the Solar System: 1. Isotropic Kinematics from the Gaia Early Data Release 3
摘要：
1 I/'Oumuamua（或1 I）和2 I/Borisov（或2 I）是第一批发现的穿过太阳系的星际天体（ISO），开辟了外天体研究的全新领域。找到更多的国际空间站和规划任务，以拦截或会合这些机构将大大受益于他们的可能轨道和到达率的知识。在这里，我们使用盖亚早期数据第3版近邻恒星目录中的恒星局部速度分布和标准引力聚焦模型来预测进入太阳系的ISO的速度相关通量。在1 I型ISO数密度为$\sim$ 0.1 AU $^{-3}$的情况下，我们预测每年总共有$\sim$ 6.9个这样的天体会在太阳的1 AU范围内经过。这个通量将有一个相当大的高速尾，预计有一半的进入ISO在无穷远处具有速度，v $_{\infty}$，$>$ 40 km s $^{-1}$。我们的模型预测，$\sim$ 92\%的外来ISO将是银河系薄盘的居民，$\sim$ 6\%（$\sim$ 4每十年）将来自厚盘，$\sim$ 1每十年将来自晕，最多$\sim$ 3每世纪将是未绑定的对象，从我们的星系喷射或从另一个星系进入银河系。在我们的模型中，速度非常低的ISO的速度非常低，任何非常低速度的ISO都可能是以前丢失的太阳系天体。最后，我们估计一个彗星ISO数密度$\sim$ 7 $\times$ 10 $^{-5}$ AU $^{-3}$为2 I型ISO，导致这些对象的发现率可能接近每十年一次与未来的望远镜调查。
英文摘要：
1I/'Oumuamua (or 1I) and 2I/Borisov (or 2I), the first InterStellar Objects (ISOs) discovered passing through the solar system, have opened up entirely new areas of exobody research. Finding additional ISOs and planning missions to intercept or rendezvous with these bodies will greatly benefit from knowledge of their likely orbits and arrival rates. Here, we use the local velocity distribution of stars from the Gaia Early Data Release 3 Catalogue of Nearby Stars and a standard gravitational focusing model to predict the velocity dependent flux of ISOs entering the solar system. With an 1I-type ISO number density of $\sim$0.1 AU$^{-3}$, we predict that a total of $\sim$6.9 such objects per year should pass within 1 AU of the Sun. There will be a fairly large high-velocity tail to this flux, with half of the incoming ISOs predicted to have a velocity at infinity, v$_{\infty}$, $>$ 40 km s$^{-1}$. Our model predicts that $\sim$92\% of incoming ISOs will be residents of the galactic thin disk, $\sim$6\% ($\sim$4 per decade) will be from the thick disk, $\sim$1 per decade will be from the halo and at most $\sim$3 per century will be unbound objects, ejected from our galaxy or entering the Milky Way from another galaxy. The rate of ISOs with very low v$_{\infty}$ $\lesssim$ 1.5 km s$^{-1}$ is so low in our model that any incoming very low velocity ISOs are likely to be previously lost solar system objects. Finally, we estimate a cometary ISO number density of $\sim$7 $\times$ 10$^{-5}$ AU$^{-3}$ for 2I type ISOs, leading to discovery rates for these objects possibly approaching once per decade with future telescopic surveys.
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