核子质量半径和分布：全息QCD，格点量子色动力学和GlueX数据
Nucleon mass radii and distribution: Holographic QCD, Lattice QCD and GlueX data
摘要：
本文简要回顾和扩展了我们最近对全息QCD中核子的三个不变的A、B、D引力形状因子的分析。它们与最近用格点量子色动力学模拟测量的胶子引力形状因子相当。全息A项由张量$T=2^{++}$（引力子）Regge轨迹固定，D项由张量$T=2^{++}$（引力子）和标量$S=0^{++}$（引力子）Regge轨迹之间的差固定。B项在没有与狄拉克费米子体耦合的张量时为零。张量形状因子A项的第一次测量已经可以使用当前的GREX数据进行，因此张量胶子质量半径，压力和质子内部的剪切，这要归功于全息术。全息A项和D项可以精确地用谐波数表示。从全息阈值的张量质量半径被发现是$\langle r^2_{GT}\rangle \approx (0.57-0.60\,{\rm fm})^2$，在协议与$\langle r^2_{GT}\rangle \approx (0.62\,{\rm fm})^2$提取的整体数值晶格数据，和经验的GREX数据。标量质量半径被发现是稍大的$\langle r^2_{GS}\rangle \approx (0.7\,{\rm fm})^2$。
英文摘要：
We briefly review and expand our recent analysis for all three invariant A,B,D gravitational form factors of the nucleon in holographic QCD. They compare well to the gluonic gravitational form factors recently measured using lattice QCD simulations. The holographic A-term is fixed by the tensor $T=2^{++}$ (graviton) Regge trajectory, and the D-term by the difference between the tensor $T=2^{++}$ (graviton) and scalar $S=0^{++}$ (dilaton) Regge trajectories. The B-term is null in the absence of a tensor coupling to a Dirac fermion in bulk. A first measurement of the tensor form factor A-term is already accessible using the current GlueX data, and therefore the tensor gluonic mass radius, pressure and shear inside the proton, thanks to holography. The holographic A-term and D-term can be expressed exactly in terms of harmonic numbers. The tensor mass radius from the holographic threshold is found to be $\langle r^2_{GT}\rangle \approx (0.57-0.60\,{\rm fm})^2$, in agreement with $\langle r^2_{GT}\rangle \approx (0.62\,{\rm fm})^2$ as extracted from the overall numerical lattice data, and empirical GlueX data. The scalar mass radius is found to be slightly larger $\langle r^2_{GS}\rangle \approx (0.7\,{\rm fm})^2$.
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