自适应系统中的不确定性：研究社区的观点
Uncertainty in Self-Adaptive Systems: A Research Community Perspective
摘要：
自适应的主要驱动力之一是确保系统实现其目标，而不管它们在运行过程中面临的不确定性。然而，自适应系统中的不确定性的概念仍然没有得到充分的理解。已经提出了几种不确定性的分类，并且在驯服不确定性的方法上存在大量的工作。然而，这些分类法和方法并不能完全传达研究界对自适应系统中不确定性的构成以及如何解决它的看法。为了理解这种看法并从中学习，我们进行了一项包括两个互补阶段的调查。在第一阶段，我们专注于当前的研究和开发。在第二阶段，我们专注于未来研究的方向。第一阶段的主要调查结果如下：a）概述自适应系统中考虑的不确定性来源，b）概述用于解决具体应用中的不确定性的现有方法，c）洞察不确定性对非功能需求的影响，d）洞察社区内对不确定性的不同看法，以及需要标准化的不确定性处理过程，以促进自适应系统中的不确定性管理。第二阶段的主要发现是：a）超过70%的参与者认为自适应系统可以被设计为应对意外变化，b）一组处理意外变化的潜在方法，c）一组在减轻自适应系统中的不确定性方面的公开挑战，特别是在那些具有安全关键要求的系统中。从这些研究结果中，我们概述了一个初始的参考过程，以管理自适应系统中的不确定性。
英文摘要：
One of the primary drivers for self-adaptation is ensuring that systems achieve their goals regardless of the uncertainties they face during operation. Nevertheless, the concept of uncertainty in self-adaptive systems is still insufficiently understood. Several taxonomies of uncertainty have been proposed, and a substantial body of work exists on methods to tame uncertainty. Yet, these taxonomies and methods do not fully convey the research community's perception on what constitutes uncertainty in self-adaptive systems and how to tackle it. To understand this perception and learn from it, we conducted a survey comprising two complementary stages. In the first stage, we focused on current research and development. In the second stage, we focused on directions for future research. The key findings of the first stage are: a) an overview of uncertainty sources considered in self-adaptive systems, b) an overview of existing methods used to tackle uncertainty in concrete applications, c) insights into the impact of uncertainty on non-functional requirements, d) insights into different opinions in the perception of uncertainty within the community, and the need for standardised uncertainty-handling processes to facilitate uncertainty management in self-adaptive systems. The key findings of the second stage are: a) the insight that over 70% of the participants believe that self-adaptive systems can be engineered to cope with unanticipated change, b) a set of potential approaches for dealing with unanticipated change, c) a set of open challenges in mitigating uncertainty in self-adaptive systems, in particular in those with safety-critical requirements. From these findings, we outline an initial reference process to manage uncertainty in self-adaptive systems.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
