根据粒子物理学，什么是物质？为什么要在实验室里观察它的产生？
What is matter according to particle physics and why try to observe its creation in lab
摘要：
基本相互作用的标准模型长期以来被认为是一种物质理论，其中假定的守恒定律（一个重子守恒定律和三个轻子守恒定律）获得了理论意义。然而，最近对轻子数违反的观测--中微子振荡--证明了它的不完整性。我们讨论了为什么这些考虑表明Ettore Majorana的想法中微子质量的性质的正确性，并增加了进一步的兴趣，寻找一个超稀有的核过程中，两个粒子的物质（电子）的创建，通常被称为无中微子双β衰变。讨论的方法主要是历史的，其性质是介绍性的。一些技术上的考虑，突出了有用的马约拉纳的伽玛矩阵表示，在附录中。
英文摘要：
The standard model of elementary interactions has long qualified as a theory of matter, in which the postulated conservation laws (one baryonic and three leptonic) acquire theoretical meaning. However, recent observations of lepton number violations -- neutrino oscillations -- demonstrate its incompleteness. We discuss why these considerations suggest the correctness of Ettore Majorana's ideas on the nature of neutrino mass, and add further interest to the search for an ultra-rare nuclear process in which two particles of matter (electrons) are created, commonly called neutrinoless double beta decay. The approach of the discussion is mainly historical and its character is introductory. Some technical considerations, which highlight the usefulness of Majorana's representation of gamma matrices, are presented in the appendix.
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