红色类星体的多波段性质——尘埃风作为类星体红化起源的证据
The multiwavelength properties of red QSOs -- Evidence for dusty winds as the origin of QSO reddening
AI总结：
本研究通过对比约1800个红移和光度匹配的红色与对照类星体的多波段数据，发现红化与核尺度尘埃风相关，提出尘埃风是红色类星体颜色成因及核吸积调节的关键因素。
摘要：
最近发现了红色类星体（QSO）与蓝色类星体在射电性质上的根本差异，这使它们成为宇宙时间尺度上星系和黑洞演化中潜在的关键群体。为了阐明其本质，我们利用了丰富的光度测量和光谱数据汇编，对其从紫外到远红外的光谱能量分布（SEDs）进行建模，并表征其发射线特性。通过系统比较方法，我们在红移0.2<z<2.5的约1800个类星体样本中推断出活动星系核（AGN）的吸积、遮蔽和宿主星系性质，这些类星体被分为红色类星体和对照类星体，并在红移和光度上进行了匹配。我们发现，除了选择效应所预期的吸积盘红化外，红色类星体和对照类星体的平均SED没有差异。此外，类星体红化与其宿主星系的星际介质或恒星形成性质之间没有明确联系。我们发现红色类星体和对照类星体的环状尘埃结构性质惊人地相似，表明红化与环状尘埃结构和取向效应无关。有趣的是，我们检测到静止框架2-5微米处红外发射的显著超出，该超出与光学红化直接相关。为解释其起源，我们研究了类星体光谱中的外流特征，发现红色类星体中宽[OIII]翼和高CIV速度偏移（>1000 km/s）的出现率更高。我们发现，表现出高速风证据的红色类星体呈现出更强的红外超出特征，表明红化与类星体风中热尘埃之间存在因果关系。我们提出，核尺度上的尘埃风可能是导致红色类星体颜色的物理因素，也是调节核内吸积物质的关键参数。
英文摘要：
Fundamental differences in the radio properties of red quasars (QSOs), as compared to blue QSOs, have been recently discovered, positioning them as a potential key population in the evolution of galaxies and black holes across cosmic time. To elucidate their nature, we exploited a rich compilation of photometry and spectroscopic data to model their spectral energy distributions (SEDs) from the UV to the FIR and characterise their emission-line properties. Following a systematic comparison approach, we infer the AGN accretion, obscuration, and host galaxy properties in a sample of ~1800 QSOs at 0.2<z<2.5, classified into red and control QSOs and matched in redshift and luminosity. We find no differences in the average SEDs of red and control QSOs, other than the reddening of the accretion disk expected by the selection. Moreover, no clear link can be recognised between the QSO reddening and the interstellar medium or the star formation properties of their host galaxies. We find that the torus properties in red and control QSOs are strikingly similar, suggesting that the reddening is not related to the torus and orientation effects. Interestingly, we detect a significant excess of infrared emission at rest-frame 2-5 um, which shows a direct correlation with optical reddening. To explain its origin, we investigated the presence of outflow signatures in the QSO spectra, discovering a higher incidence of broad [OIII] wings and high CIV velocity shifts (>1000 km/s) in red QSOs. We find that red QSOs that exhibit evidence for high-velocity winds present a stronger signature of the infrared excess, suggesting a causal connection between reddening and the presence of hot dust in QSO winds. We propose that dusty winds at nuclear scales are potentially the physical ingredient responsible for the colours in red QSOs, as well as a key parameter for the regulation of accretion material in the nucleus.
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