城市建筑能耗建模（UBEM）工具：自自底向上的物理方法的最新进展
Urban Building Energy Modeling (UBEM) Tools: A State-of-the-Art Review of bottom-up physics-based approaches
摘要：
法规证实了改造现有建筑物或建设新的节能区的重要性。因此，需要建模工具来评估能源情景，以更好地管理和设计城市，并且已经开发了许多方法和工具。其中，城市建筑能源建模（UBEM）工具允许在大规模的建筑物的能源模拟。选择一个合适的UBEM工具，平衡复杂性，准确性，可用性和计算需求的水平，仍然是用户的挑战。本文从面向用户的角度对自底向上的【形】主要的基于物理的UBEM工具进行了综述和比较。使用了五个类别：（i）所需的投入，（ii）报告的产出，（iii）利用的工作流程，（iv）每种工具的适用性，以及（v）潜在用户。此外，一个关键的讨论，建议侧重于研究和发展的利益和趋势。结果突出了UBEM工具之间的主要差异，必须考虑为应用程序选择合适的工具。采用UBEM工具的障碍包括需要标准化的本体、通用的三维城市模型、收集数据的标准程序以及标准的测试用例集。这将有助于UBEM工具的未来发展，以支持城市的可持续发展目标。
英文摘要：
Regulations corroborate the importance of retrofitting existing building stocks or constructing new energy efficient district. There is, thus, a need for modeling tools to evaluate energy scenarios to better manage and design cities, and numerous methodologies and tools have been developed. Among them, Urban Building Energy Modeling (UBEM) tools allow the energy simulation of buildings at large scales. Choosing an appropriate UBEM tool, balancing the level of complexity, accuracy, usability, and computing needs, remains a challenge for users. The review focuses on the main bottom-up physics-based UBEM tools, comparing them from a user-oriented perspective. Five categories are used: (i) the required inputs, (ii) the reported outputs, (iii) the exploited workflow, (iv) the applicability of each tool, and (v) the potential users. Moreover, a critical discussion is proposed focusing on interests and trends in research and development. The results highlighted major differences between UBEM tools that must be considered to choose the proper one for an application. Barriers of adoption of UBEM tools include the needs of a standardized ontology, a common three dimensional city model, a standard procedure to collect data, and a standard set of test cases. This feeds into future development of UBEM tools to support cities' sustainability goals.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
