摩托车碰撞中的人为错误：基于深入数据的方法，以确定安全骑行所需的技能并支持培训干预
Human error in motorcycle crashes: a methodology based on in-depth data to identify the skills needed and support training interventions for safe riding
摘要：
本文定义了一种具有深入数据的方法，以确定最高风险碰撞配置中骑手所需的技能，以降低伤亡率。我们提出了一个案例研究，使用803动力两轮车碰撞的深入数据。七个高风险的碰撞配置的基础上，碰撞前的轨迹的道路使用者被认为是调查人为错误的碰撞贡献者。确定了主要的碰撞影响因素、执行的规避操作、水平道路线形和速度相关因素，以及最常见的配置和严重伤害风险最大的配置。直线交叉路径/横向是最常见的碰撞配置，而交叉路径/相反方向的转弯具有最大的严重伤害风险。多车碰撞不能被视为同一类人为失误造成的同类碰撞，因为摩托车手和其他道路使用者之间的不同互动与不同类型的人为失误和不同的车手反应有关。与交叉路径配置相关的多车碰撞中的人为错误与追尾或迎面碰撞相关的错误不同。多车正面碰撞和单车碰撞经常发生在弯道上。在最高风险的碰撞配置中，车手所涉及的防撞机动性差异很大。确定了最相关的技能缺乏，并将其与最具代表性的背景联系起来。在大多数情况下，需要同时结合不同的技能才能避免撞车。调查结果强调，有必要将事故案例分组，而不是通常的单车与多车碰撞方法。我们的方法也可以应用于支持基于车手培训和最终ADAS设计的预防措施。
英文摘要：
This paper defines a methodology with in-depth data to identify the skills needed by riders in the highest risk crash configurations to reduce casualty rates. We present a case study using in-depth data of 803 powered-two-wheeler crashes. Seven high-risk crash configuration based on the pre-crash trajectories of the road-users involved were considered to investigate the human errors as crash contributors. Primary crash contributing factor, evasive manoeuvres performed, horizontal roadway alignment and speed-related factors were identified, along with the most frequent configurations and those with the greatest risk of severe injury. Straight Crossing Path/Lateral Direction was the most frequent crash configuration and Turn Across Path/ Opposing Direction that with the greatest risk of serious injury were identified. Multi-vehicle crashes cannot be considered as a homogenous category of crashes to which the same human failure is attributed, as different interactions between motorcyclists and other road users are associated with both different types of human error and different rider reactions. Human error in multiple-vehicle crashes related to crossing paths configurations were different from errors related to rear-end or head-on crashes. Multi-vehicle head-on crashes and single-vehicle collisions frequently occur along curves. The involved collision avoidance manoeuvres of the riders differed significantly among the highest risk crash configurations. The most relevant lack of skills are identified and linked to their most representative context. In most cases a combination of different skills was required simultaneously to avoid the crash. The findings underline the need to group accident cases, beyond the usual single-vehicle versus multi-vehicle collision approach. Our methodology can also be applied to support preventive actions based on riders training and eventually ADAS design.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
