涡流和转子组件中的超均匀性和相富集
Hyperuniformity and phase enrichment in vortex and rotor assemblies
摘要：
在二维流体中旋转的粒子群可以表现出混乱的动力学，但也会产生隐藏秩序的特征。这种“转子”在自然界中被发现跨越了巨大不同的长度尺度--从细胞膜中的转子蛋白到大气动力学的模型。在这里，我们表明，无论是理想的涡流在无粘流体中，或驱动转子的粘性膜，自发自组装的初始随机分布。尽管这些系统产生于截然不同的物理学，但它们都具有一个哈密顿结构，该结构设置了导致不同结构状态的几何守恒定律。我们发现，旋转不变的相互作用各向同性抑制长波长波动-无序超均匀材料的一个标志。随着面积分数的增加，系统有序化为六方晶格。在两个同向旋转粒子群的混合物中，较强的粒子群将从另一个粒子群获得有序，并且两者都将变得相位富集。最后，我们表明，经典的2D点涡系统出现的实验访问微观膜转子的精确限制，产生一个新的系统，通过它来研究拓扑缺陷。
英文摘要：
Ensembles of particles rotating in a two-dimensional fluid can exhibit chaotic dynamics yet develop signatures of hidden order. Such "rotors" are found in the natural world spanning vastly disparate length scales - from the rotor proteins in cellular membranes to models of atmospheric dynamics. Here we show that an initially random distribution of either ideal vortices in an inviscid fluid, or driven rotors in a viscous membrane, spontaneously self assembles. Despite arising from drastically different physics, these systems share a Hamiltonian structure that sets geometrical conservation laws resulting in distinct structural states. We find that the rotationally invariant interactions isotropically suppress long wavelength fluctuations - a hallmark of a disordered hyperuniform material. With increasing area fraction, the system orders into a hexagonal lattice. In mixtures of two co-rotating populations, the stronger population will gain order from the other and both will become phase enriched. Finally, we show that classical 2D point vortex systems arise as exact limits of the experimentally accessible microscopic membrane rotors, yielding a new system through which to study topological defects.
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