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arXiv 2102.13550stat.MEstat.AP
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试验成功概率的确定:频率论和贝叶斯方法

An introduction to the determination of the probability of a successful trial: Frequentist and Bayesian approaches

Madan G. Kundu, Sandipan Samanta, Shoubhik Mondal

摘要:

在临床研究的资源优化中,确定进行-不进行决策的后验概率和预测能力变得越来越普遍。关于这些主题有大量的出版文献;然而,这些术语在文献中的使用并不一致。此外,对成功概率的各种概念缺乏统一的表述。我们试图填补这一空白。本文首先提供了一个详细的推导,这些成功的措施下的频率和贝叶斯范式在一般设置的概率。随后,我们分别给出了连续、二元和至事件发生时间终点的这些成功概率指标的分析公式。本文可用作单点参考,以确定以下指标:(a)基于中期结果的条件把握度(CP),(b)基于有或无先验分布的中期结果的成功预测把握度(PPoS),以及(d)设计阶段前瞻性试验的成功概率(PoS)。我们讨论了临床成功和试验成功。本文的讨论主要是基于先验分布的正态逼近和有关参数的估计。此外,还提出了使用二项式情况下的beta先验的预测能力。并举例说明。计算CP和PPoS的R函数可通过LongCART软件包获得。一个R闪亮的应用程序也可以在https://ppos.herokuapp.com/上找到。

英文摘要:

Determination of posterior probability for go-no-go decision and predictive power are becoming increasingly common for resource optimization in clinical investigation. There are vast published literature on these topics; however, the terminologies are not consistently used across the literature. Further, there is a lack of consolidated presentation of various concepts of the probability of success. We attempted to fill this gap. This paper first provides a detailed derivation of these probability of success measures under the frequentist and Bayesian paradigms in a general setting. Subsequently, we have presented the analytical formula for these probability of success measures for continuous, binary, and time-to-event endpoints separately. This paper can be used as a single point reference to determine the following measures: (a) the conditional power (CP) based on interim results, (b) the predictive power of success (PPoS) based on interim results with or without prior distribution, and (d) the probability of success (PoS) for a prospective trial at the design stage. We have discussed both clinical success and trial success. This paper's discussion is mostly based on the normal approximation for prior distribution and the estimate of the parameter of interest. Besides, predictive power using the beta prior for the binomial case is also presented. Some examples are given for illustration. R functions to calculate CP and PPoS are available through the LongCART package. An R shiny app is also available at https://ppos.herokuapp.com/.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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