在离子阱器件上使用量子置信传播的光通信联合检测接收机的量子优势证明
Demonstration of quantum advantage by a joint detection receiver for optical communications using quantum belief propagation on a trapped-ion device
摘要：
量子优势的展示主要集中在计算加速和多体物理学的量子模拟上，这受到当前设备的保真度和能力的限制。利用普适量子处理在最小允许误差概率下鉴别激光脉冲调制的经典通信码字是一个很有前途的并行方向，它在量子态鉴别中具有根本的重要性，在深空激光通信中也具有技术相关性。在这里，我们提出了一个实验实现的量子联合检测接收机的二进制相移键控调制码字的3位线性树码使用最近提出的量子算法：量子消息的信念传播。接收器，翻译成一个量子线路，实验上实现了一个捕获的离子设备-最近发布的霍尼韦尔LT-1.0系统使用${}^{171}Yb+ $离子，它具有所有对所有的连接和中间电路测量能力，这是必不可少的演示。我们最终实现了一个先前假设的，但迄今尚未证明的联合量子探测方案，并提供了一个实验框架，超越了量子限制的最小平均解码错误概率与脉冲的脉冲检测在低平均光子数限制。完整的联合检测方案跨越基于光子和捕获离子的量子信息科学，将调制字母表的光子相干态映射到单离子量子比特的保持内积的状态。展望未来，我们的工作为量子增强接收器的混合实现开辟了新的途径，并将其应用于天文学和新兴的天基平台。
英文摘要：
Demonstrations of quantum advantage have largely focused on computational speedups and on quantum simulation of many-body physics, limited by fidelity and capability of current devices. Discriminating laser-pulse-modulated classical-communication codewords at the minimum allowable probability of error using universal-quantum processing presents a promising parallel direction, one that is of both fundamental importance in quantum state discrimination, as well as of technological relevance in deep-space laser communications. Here we present an experimental realization of a quantum joint detection receiver for binary phase shift keying modulated codewords of a 3-bit linear tree code using a recently-proposed quantum algorithm: belief propagation with quantum messages. The receiver, translated to a quantum circuit, was experimentally implemented on a trapped-ion device -- the recently released Honeywell LT-1.0 system using ${}^{171}Yb+ $ ions, which possesses all-to-all connectivity and mid-circuit measurement capabilities that are essential to this demonstration. We conclusively realize a previously postulated but hitherto not-demonstrated joint quantum detection scheme, and provide an experimental framework that surpasses the quantum limit on the minimum average decoding error probability associated with pulse-by-pulse detection in the low mean photon number limit. The full joint-detection scheme bridges across photonic and trapped-ion based quantum information science, mapping the photonic coherent states of the modulation alphabet onto inner product-preserving states of single-ion qubits. Looking ahead, our work opens new avenues in hybrid realizations of quantum-enhanced receivers with applications in astronomy and emerging space-based platforms.
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