重构合成型最小轴丝的主动跳动
Active beating of a reconstituted synthetic minimal axoneme
AI总结：
本研究利用天然生物的微管和轴丝动力蛋白马达，自下而上组装出最小合成轴丝synthoneme，证实ATP供能下微管可通过动力蛋白循环结合解离产生节律弯曲，为理解纤毛跳动机制提供了自组织纳米生物分子机器模型。
摘要：
推动微生物在流体中行进以及驱动流体沿细胞表面流动是重要的生物学功能，这些功能由被称为能动纤毛和鞭毛的细长结构实现，它们规律的振荡跳动打破了输运所需的时间反演对称性。尽管自上而下的实验方法和理论模型已让我们能对这类细胞器进行广泛表征，并提出其复杂动力学背后的机制，但构建能够模拟纤毛跳动、明确各组分作用的最小系统仍是一项挑战。本文我们报道了一种最小合成轴丝（我们称之为synthoneme）的自下而上组装过程，该组装使用来自天然生物的生物构件，即成对的微管和协同结合的轴丝动力蛋白马达。我们发现，当由ATP提供能量时，微管会通过动力蛋白的循环结合-解离发生节律性弯曲。我们这种简单且独特的跳动型最小synthoneme代表了一种自组织的纳米级生物分子机器，也可帮助理解纤毛跳动的潜在机制。
英文摘要：
Propelling microorganisms through fluids and moving fluids along cellular surfaces are essential biological functions accomplished by long, thin structures called motile cilia and flagella, whose regular, oscillatory beating breaks the time-reversal symmetry required for transport. Although top-down experimental approaches and theoretical models have allowed us to broadly characterize such organelles and propose mechanisms underlying their complex dynamics, constructing minimal systems capable of mimicking ciliary beating and identifying the role of each component remains a challenge. Here we report the bottom-up assembly of a minimal synthetic axoneme, which we call a synthoneme, using biological building blocks from natural organisms, namely pairs of microtubules and cooperatively associated axonemal dynein motors. We show that upon provision of energy by ATP, microtubules undergo rhythmic bending by cyclic association-dissociation of dyneins. Our simple and unique beating minimal synthoneme represents a self-organized nanoscale biomolecular machine that can also help understand the mechanisms underlying ciliary beating.
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