轴子：从磁星和中子星并合到束流倒堆和BEC
Axions: From Magnetars and Neutron Star Mergers to Beam Dumps and BECs
摘要：
我们回顾了搜索类轴子粒子（ALP）的主题，涵盖了与其他最近评论互补的材料。我们的评论的前半部分包括在中子星核心的极端环境中的ALP，高度磁化的中子星（磁星）的磁层，并在中子星合并。重点讨论了中子星光子谱中可能存在的ALP信号和中子星合并产生的引力波/电磁信号。然后，我们回顾了最近的发展，在实验室生产的ALP搜索，主要集中在基于加速器的设施，包括束流转储型实验和对撞机实验。我们提供了一个通用的讨论ALP搜索管道从生产到检测，在步骤中，我们的讨论是直截了当地适用于大多数束流转储类型和反应堆实验。最后，我们有选择地看看在超轻暗物质的快速发展领域，特别是玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体（BEC）的形成。我们回顾了超轻暗物质的BEC的性质，并将这些性质与数值模拟的发展联系起来，最终对实验研究产生影响。
英文摘要：
We review topics in searches for axion-like-particles (ALPs), covering material that is complementary to other recent reviews. The first half of our review covers ALPs in the extreme environments of neutron star cores, the magnetospheres of highly magnetized neutron stars (magnetars), and in neutron star mergers. The focus is on possible signals of ALPs in the photon spectrum of neutron stars and gravitational wave/electromagnetic signals from neutron star mergers. We then review recent developments in laboratory-produced ALP searches, focusing mainly on accelerator-based facilities including beam-dump type experiments and collider experiments. We provide a general-purpose discussion of the ALP search pipeline from production to detection, in steps, and our discussion is straightforwardly applicable to most beam-dump type and reactor experiments. We end with a selective look at the rapidly developing field of ultralight dark matter, specifically the formation of Bose-Einstein Condensates (BECs). We review the properties of BECs of ultralight dark matter and bridge these properties with developments in numerical simulations, and ultimately with their impact on experimental searches.
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