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arXiv 2102.12045eess.SYcs.ROcs.SY
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线性时变系统的意外模型预测控制

Contingency Model Predictive Control for Linear Time-Varying Systems

Stanford University(斯坦福大学);Ford Motor Company(福特汽车公司)

John P. Alsterda, J. Christian Gerdes

摘要:

我们提出了应急模型预测控制(CMPC),一个运动规划和控制框架,优化性能目标,同时保持应急计划-一个替代的轨迹,避免潜在的危险。通过保持可行的回避轨迹的存在,CMPC预计紧急情况,并保持受控系统在一个安全的状态,有选择地鲁棒识别的危险。我们通过在典型的模型预测控制(MPC)时域上增加一个额外的预测时域来实现这一点。这个额外的地平线被约束以保证安全免受突发威胁,并且在其第一个命令时耦合到标称地平线。因此,这两个视野协商以计算针对性能优化并且对偶发事件鲁棒的命令。本文提出了一种线性配方CMPC,说明了它的关键功能的玩具问题,然后演示了其有效性实验上的全尺寸自动道路车辆,遇到一个现实的弹出障碍。应急MPC通过安全、直观和可解释的行为来处理潜在的紧急情况,平衡了保守性和高性能操作的激励。

英文摘要:

We present Contingency Model Predictive Control (CMPC), a motion planning and control framework that optimizes performance objectives while simultaneously maintaining a contingency plan -- an alternate trajectory that avoids a potential hazard. By preserving the existence of a feasible avoidance trajectory, CMPC anticipates emergency and keeps the controlled system in a safe state that is selectively robust to the identified hazard. We accomplish this by adding an additional prediction horizon in parallel to the typical Model Predictive Control (MPC) horizon. This extra horizon is constrained to guarantee safety from the contingent threat and is coupled to the nominal horizon at its first command. Thus, the two horizons negotiate to compute commands that are both optimized for performance and robust to the contingent event. This article presents a linear formulation for CMPC, illustrates its key features on a toy problem, and then demonstrates its efficacy experimentally on a full-size automated road vehicle that encounters a realistic pop-out obstacle. Contingency MPC approaches potential emergencies with safe, intuitive, and interpretable behavior that balances conservatism with incentive for high performance operation.

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