耦合随机输运的松散齿轮机制：从反平衡流到无限选择性
Sloppy Gear Mechanism for Coupled Stochastic Transportation: from anti-equilibrium flow to infinite selectivity
AI总结：
本文研究两类粒子经被动单车道通道的耦合随机输运，提出松散齿轮机制以解释反平衡流及选择性抑制效应。
摘要：
粒子通过受限空间（如多孔介质或狭窄通道）的非平衡输运与自由空间中的输运显著不同。借助一个简单模型，其中两类粒子竞争通过连接两个化学浴的被动单车道通道进行输运，我们发现了两种动力学输运模式——dud模式和ratchet模式。在ratchet模式下，一类粒子的梯度流迫使另一类粒子产生逆其梯度的瞬态反平衡流。在dud模式下，两类粒子均沿各自的梯度流动。这种反直觉的非平衡效应可由松散齿轮机制解释。除ratchet模式中观察到的反梯度流外，我们发现非平衡松散齿轮机制会抑制一种粒子的流动，同时允许另一种粒子流动。该机制为解释和设计通过被动通道进行的粒子选择性输运提供了一个通用理论框架。
英文摘要：
Non-equilibrium transportation of particles through a restricted space (such as porous media or narrow channels) significantly differs from free space. With a simple model of two types of particles competing to transport via a passive single-lane channel connecting two chemical baths, we find two dynamical modes of transportation -- the dud mode and the ratchet mode. At the ratchet mode, the gradient flow of one type of particle forces the other into a transient anti-equilibrium flow against its gradient. At the dud mode, the two types of particles both flow according to their gradients. This counter-intuitive non-equilibrium effect can be explained by a sloppy gear mechanism. In addition to the anti-gradient flow observed in the ratchet mode, we find that the non-equilibrium sloppy gear mechanism suppresses the flow of one particle while allowing the flow for the other. This mechanism provides a general theoretical framework to explain and design the selective transportation of particles via passive channels.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
