PolicySpace2：模拟市场和内生公共政策
PolicySpace2: modeling markets and endogenous public policies
摘要：
决策者面对有限的预算和不确定的、不断变化的未来决定替代政策。由于需要确定优先事项和处理各项政策的影响，公共政策的设计更加困难。具体而言，住房政策涉及房产本身的异质性、住房市场的复杂性和城市的空间背景。我们提出PolicySpace2（PS2）作为一个适应和扩展版本的开源PolicySpace代理为基础的模型。PS2是一个计算机模拟，它依赖于经验上详细的空间数据来模拟房地产，以及劳动力，信贷，商品和服务市场。工人，企业，银行，家庭和市政当局之间的互动遵循文献基准整合经济，空间和运输奖学金。PS2被应用于三个相互竞争的公共政策之间的比较，旨在减少不平等和减轻贫困：（a）由政府购买房屋并分配给低收入家庭，（b）租金凭证，（c）货币援助。在模型背景下，货币援助，即对更多家庭的少量帮助，使经济在生产、消费、减少不平等和维持财政义务方面表现得更好。PS2本身也是一个框架，可以进一步适应一些相关的研究问题。
英文摘要：
Policymakers decide on alternative policies facing restricted budgets and uncertain, ever-changing future. Designing public policies is further difficult due to the need to decide on priorities and handle effects across policies. Housing policies, specifically, involve heterogeneous characteristics of properties themselves and the intricacy of housing markets and the spatial context of cities. We propose PolicySpace2 (PS2) as an adapted and extended version of the open source PolicySpace agent-based model. PS2 is a computer simulation that relies on empirically detailed spatial data to model real estate, along with labor, credit, and goods and services markets. Interaction among workers, firms, a bank, households and municipalities follow the literature benchmarks to integrate economic, spatial and transport scholarship. PS2 is applied to a comparison among three competing public policies aimed at reducing inequality and alleviating poverty: (a) house acquisition by the government and distribution to lower income households, (b) rental vouchers, and (c) monetary aid. Within the model context, the monetary aid, that is, smaller amounts of help for a larger number of households, makes the economy perform better in terms of production, consumption, reduction of inequality, and maintenance of financial duties. PS2 as such is also a framework that may be further adapted to a number of related research questions.
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