霸权中的鸿沟：解释和再现同质网络中的差异
Chasm in Hegemony: Explaining and Reproducing Disparities in Homophilous Networks
摘要：
在有少数群体和多数群体社区的网络中，有充分研究表明，少数群体在社会等级最高层的代表性不足。然而，研究人员不太清楚低层少数群体的代表性，因为低层可能存在其他不利条件或脆弱性。我们提供了一个更完整的画面，在每个社会层次的社会差距与经验证据表明，少数民族的代表性表现出两个相反的阶段：在较高的梯级的社会阶梯，少数民族社区的代表性下降，但在较低的阶梯，这是更多的人口，随着你的上升，少数民族社区的代表性提高。我们把这种上下层之间的对立现象称为\emph{chasm effect}。以往的模型的网络增长与同质性未能检测和解释这种鸿沟效应的存在。我们用一个简单的模型分析了几个被观察到的网络增长机制之间的相互作用，揭示了鸿沟效应发生的两个阶段的充分必要条件。通过自然地推广简单模型，我们提出了一个完整的双向联系双向网络增长模型，可以成功地捕捉在所有社会层面的差距，并再现真实的社交网络。最后，我们说明，解决鸿沟效应可以创建更公平的系统，在广告和事实核查两个应用程序，从而展示了未来的研究少数-多数差距和公平算法的鸿沟效应的潜在影响。
英文摘要：
In networks with a minority and a majority community, it is well-studied that minorities are under-represented at the top of the social hierarchy. However, researchers are less clear about the representation of minorities from the lower levels of the hierarchy, where other disadvantages or vulnerabilities may exist. We offer a more complete picture of social disparities at each social level with empirical evidence that the minority representation exhibits two opposite phases: at the higher rungs of the social ladder, the representation of the minority community decreases; but, lower in the ladder, which is more populous, as you ascend, the representation of the minority community improves. We refer to this opposing phenomenon between the upper-level and lower-level as the \emph{chasm effect}. Previous models of network growth with homophily fail to detect and explain the presence of this chasm effect. We analyze the interactions among a few well-observed network-growing mechanisms with a simple model to reveal the sufficient and necessary conditions for both phases in the chasm effect to occur. By generalizing the simple model naturally, we present a complete bi-affiliation bipartite network-growth model that could successfully capture disparities at all social levels and reproduce real social networks. Finally, we illustrate that addressing the chasm effect can create fairer systems with two applications in advertisement and fact-checks, thereby demonstrating the potential impact of the chasm effect on the future research of minority-majority disparities and fair algorithms.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
