重新思考存在表面效应的电池退化：充电条件介导的机械与电化学性能
Rethinking battery degradation in presence of surface effects: mechanical versus electrochemical peformance mediated by charging condition
摘要：
表面应力，在纳米尺寸的阳极颗粒进行化学机械相互作用，具有松弛效应的扩散引起的应力，从而提高了颗粒的机械耐久性，而表面应力的压缩效应降低了电化学性能。然而，在这项工作中，这种对机械性能改善的直接预测受到挑战。硅纳米线在锂化过程中经历巨大的体积变化，可能会经历显著的轴向长度增加，这是决定硅纳米线机械性能的重要标准。有趣的是，表面应力倾向于减少恒电位充电条件下的长度增加，但恒电流充电下，长度增加得到增强，从而降低了SiNW的机械性能。为了进一步使研究更具包容性，纳米线的建模与约束材料在其核心，和竞争力分析的阳极颗粒的整体性能下的表面应力和约束材料的综合影响。该数学模型以大变形理论为基础，考虑了扩散诱导应力和应力增强扩散的双向耦合作用。希望这项研究将为设计下一代锂离子电池颗粒提供一个新的视角。
英文摘要：
Surface stresses, in nano-sized anode particles undergoing chemomechanical interactions, have a relaxing effect on the diffusion-induced stresses thus improving the mechanical endurance of the particles, whereas, the compressive effect of surface stresses degrades the electrochemical performance. However, this straightforward prediction of an improved mechanical performance is challenged in this work. Silicon nanowires undergoing huge volumetric changes during lithiation, may undergo significant axial length-increase, which serves as an important criterion in determining the mechanical performance of SiNWs. Interestingly, surface stresses tend to reduce the length-increase under potentiostatic charging condition, but under galvanostatic charging, the length-increase gets enhanced, thus degrading the mechanical performance of the SiNWs. To further make the study more inclusive, the nanowire is modelled with a constraining material at its core, and a competitive analysis is presented for the overall performance of the anode particles under the combined effects of surface stresses and constraining material. The mathematical model is based on large deformation theory, considering two-way coupling of diffusion-induced stresses and stress-enhanced diffusion. It is hoped that this study will provide a fresh perspective in designing next-generation lithium-ion battery particles.
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