消除固定靶重离子实验中的$volume$波动
Eliminating $volume$ fluctuations in fixed-target heavy-ion experiments
摘要：
高能核-核相互作用涨落的实验和理论研究在理解强相互作用的概念方面已开始发挥重要作用。详细的程序已经发展到解开不同的过程中发生的核-核碰撞。参与碰撞的核子数目的变化所引起的涨落常常被认为是不需要的涨落。本文对固定靶实验中消除这些波动的方法进行了评述和检验。它们在以下正在进行的固定靶重离子实验中具有关键重要性：CERN SPS的NA 61/SHINE，BNL RHIC的STAR-FT，JINR Nuclotron的BM\@N，GSI SIS 18的HADES以及未来的实验，如CERN SPS的NA 60+，FAIR SIS 100的CBM，J-PARC-HI MR的JHITS。
英文摘要：
Experimental and theoretical studies of fluctuations in nucleus-nucleus interactions at high energies have started to play a major role in understanding of the concept of strong interactions. The elaborated procedures have been developed to disentangle different processes happening during nucleus-nucleus collisions. The fluctuations caused by a variation of the number of nucleons which participated in a collision are frequently considered the unwanted one. The methods to eliminate these fluctuations in fixed-target experiments are reviewed and tested. They can be of key importance in the following ongoing fixed-target heavy-ion experiments: NA61/SHINE at the CERN SPS, STAR-FT at the BNL RHIC, BM\@N at JINR Nuclotron, HADES at the GSI SIS18 and in future experiments such as NA60+ at the CERN SPS, CBM at the FAIR SIS100, JHITS at J-PARC-HI MR.
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