用于基础物理测试的低噪声微波
Low Noise Microwaves for Testing Fundamental Physics
摘要：
研究了微波信号在低温谐振腔中传输时的噪声特性。实验是在11.342 GHz蓝宝石加载谐振腔冷却到6.2 K时进行的。根据实测的低温谐振腔的透射系数，计算了其噪声抑制函数。这是通过蒙特卡罗模拟完成的，其中一些细节在这封信中讨论。接下来，我们测量了入射到低温谐振器上的信号的技术波动。在用先前计算的噪声滤波“模板”处理这些数据之后，我们推断出传输信号的噪声谱。我们发现，在傅立叶频率F $\ge$ 10 kHz处，传输信号的相位和幅度波动的谱密度接近于-180 dB/Hz的热噪声极限。这种热噪声受限的微波允许对狭义相对论进行更精确的测试，并且在量子信号处理的某些阶段可能有用。
英文摘要：
We studied noise properties of microwave signals transmitted through the cryogenic resonator. The experiments were performed with the 11.342 GHz sapphire loaded cavity resonator cooled to 6.2 K. Based on the measured transmission coefficient of the cryogenic resonator we computed its noise suppression function. This was done via Monte-Carlo simulations some details of which are discussed in this Letter. Next, we measured technical fluctuations of a signal incident on the cryogenic resonator. Having processed these data with the previously computed noise filtering "template" we inferred noise spectra of the transmitted signal. We found that spectral densities of both phase and amplitude fluctuations of the transmitted signal were close to the thermal noise limit of -180 dB/Hz at Fourier frequencies F $\ge$ 10 kHz. Such thermal noise limited microwaves allow more precise tests of special relativity and could be useful at some stages of quantum signal processing.
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