一种新的基于四值PUF响应和窃听极化编码的密钥生成方案
A Novel Key Generation Scheme Using Quaternary PUF Responses and Wiretap Polar Coding
摘要：
物理不可克隆函数（PUF）在资源受限设备的秘密密钥生成中被广泛考虑。然而，PUF需要额外的硬件开销。在本文中，我们专注于开发一个PUF有效的，强大的，安全的密钥生成方案。首先，提出了一种用于提取四进制PUF响应的新方法以增加PUF响应的熵，其中从多次评估单个PUF单元中提取2比特响应。响应的概率质量可以通过适当地设置参数来调整。然后，选择秘密模型为基础的模糊提取器（FE）的设计，从四进制PUF响应提取密钥。为了提高该FE的安全性，将其建模为窃听信道系统，并采用窃听极化编码来减少秘密泄漏。本文还给出了保密泄漏的上限，它表明，可以通过适当地选择四进制PUF响应生成的参数来实现任意小（甚至为零）的泄漏。比较结果表明，在我们的方案中，达到相同的保密水平所需的PUF单元的数量是低至一半的国家的最先进的计划。
英文摘要：
Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) are widely considered in secret key generation for resource constrained devices. However, PUFs require additional hardware overhead. In this paper, we focus on developing a PUF-efficient, robust, and secure key generation scheme. First, a novel method for extracting quaternary PUF responses is proposed to increase the entropy of a PUF response, in which a 2-bit response is extracted from evaluating a single PUF cell multiple times. The probability masses of the responses can be adjusted by setting parameters appropriately. Then, a chosen secret model based fuzzy extractor (FE) is designed to extract secret keys from the quaternary PUF responses. To improve the security of this FE, it is modeled as a wiretap channel system, and wiretap polar coding is adopted to reduce secrecy leakage. An upper bound of secrecy leakage is also given in this paper, and it suggests that an arbitrarily small (even zero) leakage can be achieved by properly choosing parameters of the quaternary PUF responses generation. Comparison results show that the required number of PUF cells to achieve the same level of secrecy in our scheme is as low as half that of the state-of-the-art schemes.
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