束缚电子对非线性X射线康普顿散射谱异常红移的解释
Explanation of the anomalous redshift on nonlinear X-ray Compton scattering spectrum by a bound electron
摘要：
非线性康普顿散射是一种非弹性散射过程，其中由于电子与强激光场之间的相互作用而发射光子。随着X射线自由电子激光器的发展，X射线激光的强度大大增强，来自X射线非线性康普顿散射的信号不再微弱。尽管初始自由电子的非线性康普顿散射已经得到了深入的研究，但束缚电子对X射线光子的非相对论非线性康普顿散射的机制还不清楚。本文基于非微扰量子电动力学的频域方法，研究了强X射线激光场中原子内部束缚电子对双光子的非线性Compton散射.与以前的理论工作相比，我们的结果清楚地揭示了Fuchs等人（Nat. Phys. 11，964（2015））实验观察到的异常红移现象的存在，并建议其起源为电子的结合能以及散射过程中入射光子到电子的动量转移。我们的工作在强激光原子物理学和康普顿散射过程之间建立了一座桥梁，可以用来研究高强度激光下的原子结构和动力学。
英文摘要：
Nonlinear Compton scattering is an inelastic scattering process where a photon is emitted due to the interaction between an electron and an intense laser field. With the development of X-ray free-electron lasers, the intensity of X-ray laser is greatly enhanced, and the signal from X-ray nonlinear Compton scattering is no longer weak. Although the nonlinear Compton scattering by an initially free electron has been thoroughly investigated, the mechanis of nonrelativistic nonlinear Compton scattering of X-ray photons by bound electrons is unclear yet. Here, we present a frequency-domain formulation based on the nonperturbative quantum electrodynamic to study nonlinear Compton scattering of two photons off a bound electron inside an atom in a strong X-ray laser field. In contrast to previous theoretical works, our results clearly reveal the existence of anomalous redshift phenomenon observed experimentally by Fuchs et al. (Nat. Phys. 11, 964 (2015)) and suggest its origin as the binding energy of the electron as well as the momentum transfer from incident photons to the electron during the scattering process. Our work builds a bridge between intense-laser atomic physics and Compton scattering process that can be used to study atomic structure and dynamics at high laser intensities.
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