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arXiv 2102.10209hep-exastro-ph.IMnucl-ex
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用NEST研究暗物质和中微子物理的液体氙和氩探测器中的基本能量重建技术

A Review of Basic Energy Reconstruction Techniques in Liquid Xenon and Argon Detectors for Dark Matter and Neutrino Physics Using NEST

M. Szydagis, G. A. Block, C. Farquhar, A. J. Flesher, E. S. Kozlova, C. Levy, E. A. Mangus, M. Mooney, J. Mueller, G. R. C. Rischbieter, A. K. Schwartz

摘要:

基于稀有元素的探测器,特别是液态氙和液态氩,作为单相和双相类型,需要重建相互作用粒子的能量,无论是在直接探测暗物质(弱相互作用大质量粒子或WIMP,轴子等)的领域。和中微子物理学。在过去的几十年里,实验主义者以及重新分析/重新解释实验数据的理论家使用了一些不同的技术。在本文中,我们审查技术的基础上,单独的主要闪烁通道,电离或二级通道可在非零漂移电场,和组合技术,包括一个简单的线性组合和加权平均值,简要讨论的应用程序的配置文件的可能性,极大似然,和机器学习。电子反冲的比较结果(β和γ相互作用)和核反冲(主要来自中子)从贵元素模拟技术(NEST)模拟可用的数据,我们确认,结合所有可用的信息产生更高的精度手段,较低的宽度(能量分辨率)和更对称的形状(近似高斯),特别是在keV级能量下,当阈值处理时对称性甚至更大。在阈值附近,向上波动的偏差很重要。对于MeV-GeV尺度,如果仅使用一个通道,则仅基于电离的能量尺度优于闪烁;通道组合仍然是有益的。我们在这里讨论主要的合作使用。

英文摘要:

Detectors based upon the noble elements, especially liquid xenon as well as liquid argon, as both single- and dual-phase types, require reconstruction of the energies of interacting particles, both in the field of direct detection of dark matter (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles or WIMPs, axions, etc.) and in neutrino physics. Experimentalists, as well as theorists who reanalyze/reinterpret experimental data, have used a few different techniques over the past few decades. In this paper, we review techniques based on solely the primary scintillation channel, the ionization or secondary channel available at non-zero drift electric fields, and combined techniques that include a simple linear combination and weighted averages, with a brief discussion of the applications of profile likelihood, maximum likelihood, and machine learning. Comparing results for electron recoils (beta and gamma interactions) and nuclear recoils (primarily from neutrons) from the Noble Element Simulation Technique (NEST) simulation to available data, we confirm that combining all available information generates higher-precision means, lower widths (energy resolution), and more symmetric shapes (approximately Gaussian) especially at keV-scale energies, with the symmetry even greater when thresholding is addressed. Near thresholds, bias from upward fluctuations matters. For MeV-GeV scales, if only one channel is utilized, an ionization-only-based energy scale outperforms scintillation; channel combination remains beneficial. We discuss here what major collaborations use.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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