单光子寿命为10ms的铌同轴腔中二能级系统的非马尔可夫效应
Non-Markovian Effects of Two-Level Systems in a Niobium Coaxial Resonator with a Single-Photon Lifetime of 10 ms
摘要：
理解和减轻二能级系统（TLS）引起的损耗通道是在超导量子线路中实现长光子寿命的主要基石之一。通常，电路耦合的TLS被建模为没有任何相干性的大浴。在这里，我们证明了TLS的相干性，必须考虑到准确地描述一个同轴四分之一波谐振腔的内部品质因数$0.5\times10^9$在单光子水平的衰荡动力学。瞬态分析揭示了有效的非马尔可夫动力学的TLS和腔相结合的系统，我们可以准确地通过引入一个全面的TLS模型。对于具有幂律分布耦合强度的总共$N\approx10^{9}$ TLS，拟合返回大约$T_2^*\approx0.3\,\mathrm{μs}$的平均相干时间。尽管短期相干TLS激发，我们观察到长期的影响，由于腔衰减的共振器场和TLS之间的相干弹性散射。此外，该模型提供了内部品质因数的温度依赖性的准确预测。
英文摘要：
Understanding and mitigating loss channels due to two-level systems (TLS) is one of the main cornerstones in the quest of realizing long photon lifetimes in superconducting quantum circuits. Typically, the TLS to which a circuit couples are modeled as a large bath without any coherence. Here we demonstrate that the coherence of TLS has to be considered to accurately describe the ring-down dynamics of a coaxial quarter-wave resonator with an internal quality factor of $0.5\times10^9$ at the single-photon level. The transient analysis reveals effective non-Markovian dynamics of the combined TLS and cavity system, which we can accurately fit by introducing a comprehensive TLS model. The fit returns an average coherence time of around $T_2^*\approx0.3\,\mathrm{μs}$ for a total of $N\approx10^{9}$ TLS with power-law distributed coupling strengths. Despite the shortly coherent TLS excitations, we observe long-term effects on the cavity decay due to coherent elastic scattering between the resonator field and the TLS. Moreover, this model provides an accurate prediction of the internal quality factor's temperature dependence.
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