圆对撞机高光度$Z$极上TPC探测器的可行性研究
Feasibility study of TPC detector at high luminosity $Z$ pole on the circular collider
摘要：
随着圆形对撞机的发展，需要对高光度$Z$极上的粒子性质进行精确的物理实验测量。微图形气体探测器（MPGD）是由气体电子倍增器（GEM）和微网格气体结构（Micromegas）组成的，作为时间投影室（TPC）跟踪探测器的读出器件具有很好的发展潜力。为了满足圆形正负电子对撞机（CEPC）对高亮度探测器$Z$从初步概念设计报告（preCDR）到概念设计报告（CDR）的物理要求，本文采用CEPC束流结构模拟了TPC探测器的空间电荷畸变。利用多物理场模拟软件包，以Geant 4估算的离子分布作为微分方程的输入，模拟了探测器室内离子密度分布与电场的关系。模拟结果表明，在高光度$Z$极上，Higgs $\mathcal{O}$的最大偏差（25 $μ$ m）满足CEPC TPC探测器的性能要求，而在$Z$极上，$\mathcal{O}$的最大偏差（$>100~μ$ m）仍然是一个相当大的挑战。在前人研究的基础上，对GEM和Micromegas探测器的级联结构进行了测量。对探测器的要求提出了新的考虑，当IBF $\times$ Gain小于0.1时，探测器的增益需要达到2000左右，IBF表示探测器的离子回流比。像素TPC具有低增益、低占用率和出色的模式识别能力，是取代传统MPGD的潜在选择。最后，对一些修正参数和实验结果进行了比较。
英文摘要：
With the development of the circular collider, it is necessary to make accurate physics experimental measurements of particle properties at higher luminosity $Z$ pole. Micro-pattern gaseous detectors (MPGDs), which contain Gaseous Electron Multiplier (GEM) and Micro-mesh gaseous structures (Micromegas), have excellent potential for development as the readout devices of the time projection chamber (TPC) tracker detector. To meet the updated physics requirements of the high luminosity $Z$ from the preliminary concept design report (preCDR) to concept design report (CDR) at the circular electron positron collider (CEPC), In this paper, the space charge distortion of the TPC detector is simulated with the CEPC beam structure. Using the multi-physics simulation software package, the distribution of ion estimated by Geant4 is used as the input for the differential equation, and the relationship between the ion density distribution and electric field in the detector chamber is simulated. These simulation results show that the maximum deviation for Higgs $\mathcal{O}$(25 $μ$m) meets the performance requirements in CEPC TPC detector at the high luminosity $Z$ pole, while it is still a considerable challenge for $Z$ pole, with the maximum deviation $\mathcal{O}$($>100~μ$m). According to the previous developments, the cascaded structure of GEM and Micromegas detector has been measured. The new considerations of the detector's requirements were given, the gain needs to be reached to about 2000 with IBF$\times$Gain under 0.1, and IBF means the ions back flow ratio of the detector. The pixel TPC is a potential option to replace the traditional MPGDs with the low gain, low occupancy, and outstanding pattern recognition. Finally, some update parameters and experiments results were compared.
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