不同行星大气中雨滴下落的物理学
The Physics of Falling Raindrops in Diverse Planetary Atmospheres
摘要：
一个雨滴落在云层下面的演化过程是由流体动力学和热力学控制的，从根本上讲，这些动力学和热力学可以转移到现代地球以外的行星大气中。在这里，我们展示了如何在任何行星大气中作为雨滴大小的函数来计算下降雨滴的三个特性--雨滴形状、终极速度和蒸发率。我们证明，这些简单的，相互关联的特性紧密结合在一个给定的大气中的雨滴的可能的大小范围，独立于知之甚少的增长机制。从雨滴下落和蒸发方程出发，证明了雨滴垂直输送潜热和可凝结质量的能力可以用一个新的无量纲数来描述。我们的研究结果的降水效率，对流风暴动力学和降雨率，这是了解行星辐射平衡和（在类地行星的情况下）行星驱动的表面侵蚀感兴趣的属性的影响。
英文摘要：
The evolution of a single raindrop falling below a cloud is governed by fluid dynamics and thermodynamics fundamentally transferable to planetary atmospheres beyond modern Earth's. Here, we show how three properties that characterize falling raindrops -- raindrop shape, terminal velocity, and evaporation rate -- can be calculated as a function of raindrop size in any planetary atmosphere. We demonstrate that these simple, interrelated characteristics tightly bound the possible size range of raindrops in a given atmosphere, independently of poorly understood growth mechanisms. Starting from the equations governing raindrop falling and evaporation, we demonstrate that raindrop ability to vertically transport latent heat and condensible mass can be well captured by a new dimensionless number. Our results have implications for precipitation efficiency, convective storm dynamics, and rainfall rates, which are properties of interest for understanding planetary radiative balance and (in the case of terrestrial planets) rainfall-driven surface erosion.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
