工程光学真空：使用时空波包的自由空间中任意大小、符号和色散阶数
Engineering the optical vacuum: Arbitrary magnitude, sign, and order of dispersion in free space using space-time wave packets
摘要：
在某些情况下，光脉冲的空间结构在自由传播时会导致其时间轮廓的变化。例如，将常规的角色散引入到场中导致脉冲在自由空间中遇到群速度色散。然而，通过这种策略只能获得有限的控制。在这里，我们表明，精确和通用的控制，可以行使在自由空间中的所谓的“时空”波包的色散曲线：一类脉冲光束undergirded不可微的角色散。这种抽象的数学特征使我们能够在不引入损耗的情况下调谐不同色散阶数的幅度和符号，从而实现任意色散分布，并实现在远离谐振的光学材料中无法实现的色散值。不同的光学材料和光子结构中，不同的色散阶数的值不是彼此独立的，这些订单是可寻址的单独使用我们的策略。这些结果证明了时空波包作为结构光平台的多功能性，并指出了它们在非线性和量子光学中的实用性。
英文摘要：
Spatial structuring of an optical pulse can lead in some cases upon free propagation to changes in its temporal profile. For example, introducing conventional angular dispersion into the field results in the pulse encountering group-velocity dispersion in free space. However, only limited control is accessible via this strategy. Here we show that precise and versatile control can be exercised in free space over the dispersion profile of so-called `space-time' wave packets: a class of pulsed beams undergirded by non-differentiable angular dispersion. This abstract mathematical feature allows us to tune the magnitude and sign of the different dispersion orders without introducing losses, thereby realizing arbitrary dispersion profiles, and achieving dispersion values unattainable in optical materials away from resonance. Unlike optical materials and photonic structures in which the values of the different dispersion orders are not independent of each other, these orders are addressable separately using our strategy. These results demonstrate the versatility of space-time wave packets as a platform for structured light and point towards their utility in nonlinear and quantum optics.
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