表面密度预湿近临界膜
Surface Densities Prewet a Near-Critical Membrane
摘要：
最近的工作强调了热力学相行为在不同细胞过程中的作用。蛋白质和核酸可以在细胞质和细胞核中相分离成三维液滴，并且动物细胞的质膜似乎被调谐接近二维液-液临界点。在一些实例中，细胞质蛋白质在质膜结构域处聚集，形成诸如突触后密度和多样的信号传导簇的结构。在这里，我们研究这些表面密度的物理，采用最小的模拟凝聚聚合物耦合到伊辛膜表面结合互补朗道理论。我们认为，这些表面密度是一个新的阶段，让人想起预润湿，其中一个分子薄的三维液体通常固体表面上形成。然而，在表面密度中，固体表面被具有独立相分离倾向的膜代替。我们表明，接近临界膜中的参数制度，其中发生预润湿样的过渡显着增加，导致一个广泛的区域，共存的表面相可以形成，即使当体相是不稳定的。我们的模拟自然地表现出三个表面相共存，即使膜和聚合物本体只能显示两相共存。我们认为，这些表面密度的物理使不同的功能，真核细胞。
英文摘要：
Recent work has highlighted roles for thermodynamic phase behavior in diverse cellular processes. Proteins and nucleic acids can phase separate into three-dimensional liquid droplets in the cytoplasm and nucleus and the plasma membrane of animal cells appears tuned close to a two-dimensional liquid-liquid critical point. In some examples, cytoplasmic proteins aggregate at plasma membrane domains, forming structures such as the post-synaptic density and diverse signaling clusters. Here we examine the physics of these surface densities, employing minimal simulations of co-acervating polymers coupled to an Ising membrane surface in conjunction with a complementary Landau theory. We argue that these surface densities are a novel phase reminiscent of pre-wetting, in which a molecularly thin three-dimensional liquid forms on a usually solid surface. However, in surface densities the solid surface is replaced by a membrane with an independent propensity to phase separate. We show that proximity to criticality in the membrane dramatically increases the parameter regime in which a pre-wetting-like transition occurs, leading to a broad region where coexisting surface phases can form even when a bulk phase is unstable. Our simulations naturally exhibit three surface phase coexistence even though both the membrane and the polymer bulk can only display two phase coexistence on their own. We argue that the physics of these surface densities enables diverse functions seen in Eukaryotic cells.
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