Dirac-Milne宇宙中的类MOND行为--星系和星系团中平坦的自转曲线和质量/速度关系
MOND-like behavior in the Dirac-Milne universe -- Flat rotation curves and mass/velocity relations in galaxies and clusters
摘要：
我们证明了在Dirac-Milne宇宙（一个物质-反物质对称的宇宙，两个组分相互排斥）中，转动曲线在超过约3维里半径的特征距离处是一般平坦的，并且满足一个指数为$\approx 3$的Tully-Fisher关系.使用三维模拟与修改版本的RAMSES代码，我们表明，狄拉克-米尔恩宇宙学提出了一个非常小的散射和指数等于$\approx 3$之间的质量和速度色散的Faber-Jackson关系。我们还表明，来自旋转曲线假设牛顿引力的质量是系统高估的质量相比，真正存在的。我们还表明，Dirac-Milne宇宙，其物质和反物质成分之间的极化，提出了一个类似的MOND（修正牛顿动力学）的行为，其特征是由一个额外的表面重力相比，牛顿的情况。我们表明，在狄拉克-米尔恩宇宙中，在目前的时代，由于反物质云的存在而产生的附加引力场$g_{am}$的强度是几个$10^{-11}$ m/s $^2$的数量级，类似于MOND的特征加速度。我们研究了这个额外的加速度$g_{am}$的演变，并表明它取决于红移，因此不是一个基本常数。结合它在SNIa光度距离、年龄、核合成和结构形成方面的已知一致性，迪拉克-米尔恩宇宙学可能代表了$Λ$ CDM、MOND和其他解释暗物质和暗能量难题的方案的有趣替代方案。
英文摘要：
We show that in the Dirac-Milne universe (a matter-antimatter symmetric universe where the two components repel each other), rotation curves are generically flat beyond the characteristic distance of about 3 virial radii, and that a Tully-Fisher relation with exponent $\approx 3$ is satisfied. Using 3D simulations with a modified version of the RAMSES code, we show that the Dirac-Milne cosmology presents a Faber-Jackson relation with a very small scatter and an exponent equal to $\approx 3$ between the mass and the velocity dispersion. We also show that the mass derived from the rotation curves assuming Newtonian gravity is systematically overestimated compared to the mass really present. We also show that the Dirac-Milne universe, featuring a polarization between its matter and antimatter components, presents a behavior similar to that of MOND (Modified Newtonian Dynamics), characterized by an additional surface gravity compared to the Newtonian case. We show that in the Dirac-Milne universe, at the present epoch, the intensity of the additional gravitational field $g_{am}$ due to the presence of clouds of antimatter is of the order of a few $10^{-11}$ m/s$^2$, similar to the characteristic acceleration of MOND. We study the evolution of this additional acceleration $g_{am}$ and show that it depends on the redshift, and is therefore not a fundamental constant. Combined with its known concordance properties on SNIa luminosity distance, age, nucleosynthesis and structure formation, the Dirac-Milne cosmology may then represent an interesting alternative to the $Λ$CDM, MOND, and other scenarios for explaining the Dark Matter and Dark Energy conundrum.
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