社会关系的形成对食物选择的影响：一项全校范围的纵向研究
Formation of Social Ties Influences Food Choice: A Campus-Wide Longitudinal Study
摘要：
营养是长期健康的关键决定因素，社会影响长期以来一直被认为是营养的关键决定因素。由于研究的规模通常很小，持续时间也很短，因此很难使用调查等传统方法来量化社会影响对营养的假定作用。为了克服这些限制，我们利用了一个新的数据源：在洛桑联邦理工学院（EPFL）大学校园内8年内进行的3800万次食品购买的日志，通过用于进行校园购买的智能卡与匿名个人相关联。在一项纵向观察研究中，我们问：一个人的食物选择如何受到与其他人一起吃饭的影响，这些人自己的食物选择是健康的还是不健康的？为了从被动观察的日志数据中估计因果效应，我们在匹配的准实验设计中控制混淆：我们识别最初没有任何固定饮食伙伴但随后开始定期与固定伙伴一起饮食的焦点用户，并且我们将焦点用户匹配到比较对中，使得配对用户关于在获得伙伴之前测量的协变量几乎相同，其中两个焦点用户的新的进食伙伴在他们各自的食物选择的健康性方面不同。对配对数据的差异分析得出了社会影响的明确证据：获得健康饮食伴侣的焦点用户比获得不健康饮食伴侣的焦点用户更倾向于健康食品。我们进一步确定的食物，其购买频率的影响显着的饮食伙伴的健康的食物选择。除了主要结果，这项工作还展示了被动感知的食品购买日志在获得见解方面的实用性，并有可能为公共卫生干预措施和食品供应的设计提供信息。
英文摘要：
Nutrition is a key determinant of long-term health, and social influence has long been theorized to be a key determinant of nutrition. It has been difficult to quantify the postulated role of social influence on nutrition using traditional methods such as surveys, due to the typically small scale and short duration of studies. To overcome these limitations, we leverage a novel source of data: logs of 38 million food purchases made over an 8-year period on the Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL) university campus, linked to anonymized individuals via the smartcards used to make on-campus purchases. In a longitudinal observational study, we ask: How is a person's food choice affected by eating with someone else whose own food choice is healthy vs. unhealthy? To estimate causal effects from the passively observed log data, we control confounds in a matched quasi-experimental design: we identify focal users who at first do not have any regular eating partners but then start eating with a fixed partner regularly, and we match focal users into comparison pairs such that paired users are nearly identical with respect to covariates measured before acquiring the partner, where the two focal users' new eating partners diverge in the healthiness of their respective food choice. A difference-in-differences analysis of the paired data yields clear evidence of social influence: focal users acquiring a healthy-eating partner change their habits significantly more toward healthy foods than focal users acquiring an unhealthy-eating partner. We further identify foods whose purchase frequency is impacted significantly by the eating partner's healthiness of food choice. Beyond the main results, the work demonstrates the utility of passively sensed food purchase logs for deriving insights, with the potential of informing the design of public health interventions and food offerings.
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