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arXiv 2102.07796astro-ph.HE
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来自过去的爆炸:SN 1972 E的约束祖先模型

Blast From the Past: Constraining Progenitor Models of SN 1972E

Aaron Do, Benjamin J. Shappee, Jean-Pierre De Cuyper, John L. Tonry, Cynthia Hunt, François Schweizer, Mark M. Phillips, Christopher R. Burns, Rachael Beaton, Olivier Hainaut

摘要:

我们提出了一种新的技术来研究Ia型超新星,通过结合档案照相板和哈勃太空望远镜成像来限制历史河外SN的幸存同伴。我们展示了超新星1972 E的这种技术,这是125年来已知的最近的SN Ia。一些Ia型超新星的模型描述了一颗白矮星与一颗非简并的伴星,这颗伴星提供了足够的质量来引发热核爆炸。流体动力学模拟和恒星演化模型显示,这些捐赠恒星在爆炸后幸存下来,并在至少1000年的时间里表现出亮度的增加。因此,在超新星喷出物消失后对超新星确切位置的后期观测可以限制幸存的供体星和祖星模型的存在。通过对1972-1974年欧洲南方天文台1米施密特望远镜拍摄的17张数字化底片和塞罗托洛洛美洲天文台1.5米望远镜拍摄的1张底片的分析,确定了SN 1972 E的爆炸地点。使用\textit{Gaia} eDR 3星表来确定超新星1972 E的赤道坐标得到:$α$ = 13 $^h$ 39 $^m$ 52.708 $^s$ $\pm$ 0.004 $^s$和$δ$ = $-$ 31 \degree 40' 8 \farcs 97 $\pm$ 0 \farcs 04(ICRS)。2005年,HST/ACS拍摄了SN 1972 E的宿主星系NGC 5253,并使用$F435W$、$F555W$和$F814W$滤镜覆盖爆炸现场。探测到的最近的光源偏移了我们位置精度的3.0倍,与幸存的供体星的预期颜色不一致。因此,2005年的观测排除了所有的氦星伴星模型,以及目前文献中最明亮的主序星伴星模型。其余的主序伴随模型可以用更深的HST成像进行测试。

英文摘要:

We present a novel technique to study Type Ia supernovae by constraining surviving companions of historical extragalactic SN by combining archival photographic plates and Hubble Space Telescope imaging. We demonstrate this technique for Supernova 1972E, the nearest known SN Ia in over 125 years. Some models of Type Ia supernovae describe a white dwarf with a non-degenerate companion that donates enough mass to trigger thermonuclear detonation. Hydrodynamic simulations and stellar evolution models show that these donor stars survive the explosion, and show increased luminosity for at least a thousand years. Thus, late-time observations of the exact location of a supernova after its ejecta have faded can constrain the presence of a surviving donor star and progenitor models. We find the explosion site of SN 1972E by analyzing 17 digitized photographic plates taken with the European Southern Observatory 1m Schmidt and 1 plate taken with the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory 1.5m telescope from 1972-1974. Using the \textit{Gaia} eDR3 catalog to determine Supernova 1972E's equatorial coordinates yields: $α$ = 13$^h$ 39$^m$ 52.708$^s$ $\pm$ 0.004$^s$ and $δ$ = $-$31\degree 40' 8\farcs97 $\pm$ 0\farcs04 (ICRS). In 2005, HST/ACS imaged NGC 5253, the host galaxy of SN 1972E, with the $F435W$, $F555W$, and $F814W$ filters covering the explosion site. The nearest source detected is offset by 3.0 times our positional precision, and is inconsistent with the colors expected of a surviving donor star. Thus, the 2005 HST observation rules out all Helium-star companion models, and the most luminous main-sequence companion model currently in the literature. The remaining main-sequence companion models could be tested with deeper HST imaging.

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