纳米低聚物和其他纳米系统中结构光的选择规则
Selection rules for structured light in nanooligomers and other nanosystems
摘要：
结构光是自定义光场，其中相位、偏振和强度随位置而变化。它已被用于纳米镊子，纳米成像，和量子信息技术，但它的作用，激发材料中的光学跃迁已经很少检查到目前为止。在这里，我们使用群论来推导出结构光激发的纳米系统的光学选择规则。如果纳米结构的尺寸与光波长相当，它将在激发期间对整个光束轮廓进行采样，对光激发产生深远的影响。使用nanooligomers作为模型纳米系统，我们表明，结构光激发的光跃迁是禁止线性偏振光或非偏振光。这样的偶极禁止模式具有比偶极允许跃迁更长的寿命和更窄的共振。我们推导出的nanooligomers包含多达六个单体的自适应本征模。我们的研究包括表与圆柱矢量光束的选择规则，轨道角动量的光束，和沿传播方向的字段延迟。本文讨论了非线性光学的多光子过程和单光子吸收过程。结构光将解锁纳米低聚物和其他纳米结构中目前无法进行光学研究的广泛激发。
英文摘要：
Structured light are custom light fields where the phase, polarization, and intensity vary with position. It has been used for nanotweezers, nanoscale imaging, and quantum information technology, but its role in exciting optical transitions in materials has been little examined so far. Here we use group theory to derive the optical selection rules for nanosystems that get excited by structured light. If the size of the nanostructure is comparable to the light wavelength, it will sample the full beam profile during excitation with profound consequences on optical excitations. Using nanooligomers as model nanosystems, we show that structured light excites optical transitions that are forbidden for linearly polarized or unpolarized light. Such dipole forbidden modes have longer lifetimes and narrower resonances than dipole allowed transitions. We derive symmetry-adapted eigenmodes for nanooligomers containing up to six monomers. Our study includes tables with selection rules for cylindrical vector beams, for beams with orbital angular momentum, and for field retardation along the propagation direction. We discuss multi-photon processes of nonlinear optics in addition to one-photon absorption. Structured light will unlock a broad range of excitations in nanooligomers and other nanostructures that are currently inaccessible to optical studies.
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