用于监测瞬态和稳态操作阶段的逆流式换热器低阶动态模型
A Low-Order Dynamic Model of Counterflow Heat Exchangers for the Purpose of Monitoring Transient and Steady-State Operating Phases
摘要：
我们提出了一种基于模型的实时方法来监测逆流换热器的所有操作条件下的热性能。首先推导出以精确方式描述参考逆流过程的第一原理参考模型。考虑了实际气体行为。在没有简化的情况下，必须以迭代的、计算上昂贵的方式来求解相应的方程，这禁止它们用于实时监测目的。因此，我们提出了一步可解的模型方程，从而得到一个近似但快速的模型，该模型能够可靠地跟踪重要的热特性。监测，即，通过非线性卡尔曼滤波器实现了热性能的在线估计。由于低阶的动态模型制定，整个监测计划是伴随着一个可接受的计算负担。此外，它易于部署和适应工业实践。本文给出并讨论了用参考模型代替超临界二氧化碳的实际过程的监测结果。
英文摘要：
We present a model-based real-time method to monitor a counterflow heat exchanger's thermal performance for all operating conditions. A first principle reference model that describes the reference counterflow process in an accurate manner is derived first. Real gas behavior is taken into account. Without simplifications, the respective equations must be solved in an iterative, computationally expensive manner, which prohibits their use for real-time monitoring purposes. Therefore, we propose one-step-solvable model equations, resulting in an approximate but quick model, which is able to track an important thermal property reliably. The monitoring, i.e., the online estimation of the thermal properties, is achieved via a nonlinear Kalman-Filter. Due to the low-order dynamic model formulation, the overall monitoring scheme is accompanied by an acceptable computational burden. Moreover, it is easy to deploy and to adapt in industrial practice. Monitoring results, where the reference model replaces a real process with supercritical carbon dioxide, are given and discussed herein.
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