arXiv 2102.074392021-02-28quant-ph

自由电子与光相互作用中交换介导的互关联和退相

Exchange-Mediated Mutual Correlation and Dephasing in Free-Electron and Light Interactions

Nahid Talebi, Iva Březinová

DOI：: 10.1088/1367-2630/ac06e7

摘要：

量子世界与经典世界的区别在于它受概率幅而不是概率的支配。在单粒子水平上，量子相位可以被操纵，导致可观察到的干涉图案，其可以用作探针，例如在物质波显微镜中。但是，当涉及到多个粒子之间的相互作用时，量子世界会产生更迷人的效果。量子粒子之间的相关性（如纠缠）可以用来加速计算算法或实现安全密码学。在这里，我们提出并数值探索一个思想实验，以解决粒子之间的量子相关性是否可以用于物质波显微镜的问题。具体来说，我们解决了以下问题：如何可以在两个相互自旋相关的自由电子波包之间传递信息？库仑关联和交换关联能与物质波的退相干机制联系起来吗？使用一个随时间变化的Hartree-Fock算法，我们将表明，交换项在两个相互自旋相关的电子之间的信息传递中起着重要的作用，而Hartree势（或平均场库仑势）在单粒子水平上主导着退相。我们的研究结果可能会促进费米物质波干涉实验中，它是可能的，以检索信息的非经典相关性和退相干机制，在开放与封闭的量子系统。

英文摘要：

The quantum world distinguishes itself from the classical world by being governed by probability amplitudes rather than probabilities. On a single-particle level, quantum phases can be manipulated leading to observable interference patterns that can be used as a probe e.g. in matter wave microscopy. But the quantum world bears even more fascinating effects when it comes to the interplay between more than one particle. Correlations between quantum particles such as entanglement can be exploited to speed up computational algorithms or enable secure cryptography. Here, we propose and numerically explore a thought experiment to address the question whether quantum correlations between particles can be used in matter wave microscopy. Specifically, we address the following questions: How can information be transferred between two mutually spin-correlated free-electron wavepackets? Can Coulomb and exchange correlations be linked to the decoherence mechanism of matter waves? Using a time-dependent Hartree-Fock algorithm, we will show that the exchange term has a substantial role in transferring the information between two mutually spin-correlated electrons, whereas the Hartree potential (or mean-field Coulomb potential) dominates the dephasing on a single-particle level. Our findings might facilitate fermionic matter-wave interferometry experiments in which it is possible to retrieve information about non-classical correlations and the mechanism of decoherence in open versus closed quantum systems.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。

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