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arXiv 2102.07357cs.CR
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依赖局部差分隐私下的基因组数据共享

Genomic Data Sharing under Dependent Local Differential Privacy

Emre Yilmaz, Tianxi Ji, Erman Ayday, Pan Li

摘要:

保护隐私的基因组数据共享对于加快基因组研究的步伐,从而为个性化基因组医学铺平道路是非常重要的。在本文中,我们引入($ε, T$)依赖的本地差分隐私(LDP)的隐私保护相关数据的共享,并提出了一个基因组数据共享机制下的隐私定义。我们首先指出LDP的原始定义不适合基因组数据共享,然后提出了一种新的基因组数据共享机制。该机制考虑了数据共享过程中数据之间的相关性,预先消除统计上不可能的数据值,并相应地调整每个共享数据点的概率分布。通过这样做,我们表明,我们可以避免攻击者推断的正确值的共享数据点,利用数据中的相关性。通过调整每个数据点的共享状态的概率分布,我们还提高了数据收集器的共享数据的效用。此外,我们开发了一个贪心算法,战略性地确定处理顺序的共享数据点的目的是最大限度地利用共享数据。考虑到在共享基因组数据时相互依赖的隐私风险,我们还通过观察基因组供体的扰动数据来分析攻击者关于供体家庭成员的基因组的信息增益,并且我们提出了一种选择隐私预算的机制(即,LDP的$ε$参数)。我们对现实生活中的基因组数据集的评估结果表明,所提出的机制相比,随机响应机制(广泛使用的技术,以实现LDP)的优越性。

英文摘要:

Privacy-preserving genomic data sharing is prominent to increase the pace of genomic research, and hence to pave the way towards personalized genomic medicine. In this paper, we introduce ($ε, T$)-dependent local differential privacy (LDP) for privacy-preserving sharing of correlated data and propose a genomic data sharing mechanism under this privacy definition. We first show that the original definition of LDP is not suitable for genomic data sharing, and then we propose a new mechanism to share genomic data. The proposed mechanism considers the correlations in data during data sharing, eliminates statistically unlikely data values beforehand, and adjusts the probability distributions for each shared data point accordingly. By doing so, we show that we can avoid an attacker from inferring the correct values of the shared data points by utilizing the correlations in the data. By adjusting the probability distributions of the shared states of each data point, we also improve the utility of shared data for the data collector. Furthermore, we develop a greedy algorithm that strategically identifies the processing order of the shared data points with the aim of maximizing the utility of the shared data. Considering the interdependent privacy risks while sharing genomic data, we also analyze the information gain of an attacker about genomes of a donor's family members by observing perturbed data of the genome donor and we propose a mechanism to select the privacy budget (i.e., $ε$ parameter of LDP) of the donor by also considering privacy preferences of her family members. Our evaluation results on a real-life genomic dataset show the superiority of the proposed mechanism compared to the randomized response mechanism (a widely used technique to achieve LDP).

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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