分子计算的艺术：何处与何处
The art of molecular computing: whence and whither
摘要：
一个极其多样化的生物分子回路协调着每个活细胞的功能机制。这些生物分子及其电路不仅被设计用于各种工业应用，而且还执行其他非典型功能，包括计算。各种各样的计算挑战，如解决具有多个变量的NP完全问题、逻辑计算、神经网络运算和密码学，都已经通过这种非常规的计算范式进行了尝试。在这篇综述中，我们强调了分子计算的三个不同时代的关键实验，从分子解决方案开始，过渡到逻辑电路，最终，更复杂的分子网络。我们还讨论了分子计算的各种应用，从解决NP难问题到用于传递分子的自组装纳米结构，并提供了一个令人兴奋的潜力，分子计算的未来一瞥。
英文摘要：
An astonishingly diverse biomolecular circuitry orchestrates the functioning machinery underlying every living cell. These biomolecules and their circuits have been engineered not only for various industrial applications but also to perform other atypical functions that they were not evolved for - including computation. Various kinds of computational challenges, such as solving NP-complete problems with many variables, logical computation, neural network operations, and cryptography, have all been attempted through this unconventional computing paradigm. In this review, we highlight key experiments across three different eras of molecular computation, beginning with molecular solutions, transitioning to logic circuits and ultimately, more complex molecular networks. We also discuss a variety of applications of molecular computation, from solving NP-hard problems to self-assembled nanostructures for delivering molecules, and provide a glimpse into the exciting potential that molecular computing holds for the future.
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