喜欢吸引喜欢？同性别家庭与异性别家庭同婚的结构比较
Like Attract Like? A Structural Comparison of Homogamy across Same-Sex and Different-Sex Households
摘要：
在本文中，我们将加里·贝克尔对婚姻市场的实证分析扩展到同性伴侣。贝克尔的理论合理化了异性伴侣之间众所周知的同性婚姻现象：个人与他们喜欢的人交配，因为许多特征，如教育，消费行为，养育孩子的愿望，宗教等，在家庭生产功能方面具有很强的互补性。但由于男性和女性特征分布的不对称性，男性和女性可能需要根据其特征在男性和女性人群中的相对短缺程度，“向上”或“向下”结婚。然而，在同性伴侣中，这种限制并不存在，因为伴侣来自同一个群体，因此选择性交配理论大胆地预测，个体会选择一个具有几乎相同特征的伴侣。经验证据显示了一个非常不同的画面：一个强有力的程式化事实是，同性伴侣之间的特征相关性实际上较弱。在本文中，我们建立了一个同性婚姻市场的均衡模型，可以直接识别婚姻的收益。我们估计模型与2008-2012年ACS数据在加利福尼亚州，并表明，积极主动交配是同性恋者比异性恋者的年龄和种族方面较弱。我们的研究结果表明，积极主动的交配方面的教育是更强的女同性恋者，并没有显着差异时，比较男同性恋者和已婚异性夫妇。至于劳动力市场的结果，如小时工资和工作时间，我们发现一些迹象表明，家庭内部的专业化过程主要适用于不同性别的夫妇。
英文摘要：
In this paper, we extend Gary Becker's empirical analysis of the marriage market to same-sex couples. Becker's theory rationalizes the well-known phenomenon of homogamy among different-sex couples: individuals mate with their likes because many characteristics, such as education, consumption behaviour, desire to nurture children, religion, etc., exhibit strong complementarities in the household production function. However, because of asymmetries in the distributions of male and female characteristics, men and women may need to marry "up" or "down" according to the relative shortage of their characteristics among the populations of men and women. Yet, among same-sex couples, this limitation does not exist as partners are drawn from the same population, and thus the theory of assortative mating would boldly predict that individuals will choose a partner with nearly identical characteristics. Empirical evidence suggests a very different picture: a robust stylized fact is that the correlation of the characteristics is in fact weaker among same-sex couples. In this paper, we build an equilibrium model of same-sex marriage market which allows for straightforward identification of the gains to marriage. We estimate the model with 2008-2012 ACS data on California and show that positive assortative mating is weaker for homosexuals than for heterosexuals with respect to age and race. Our results suggest that positive assortative mating with respect to education is stronger among lesbians, and not significantly different when comparing gay men and married different-sex couples. As regards labor market outcomes, such as hourly wages and working hours, we find some indications that the process of specialization within the household mainly applies to different-sex couples.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
