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arXiv 2102.06349cs.LGcs.SYeess.SYphysics.soc-ph
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电力系统参数和状态估计的物理信息图形神经网络

Physics-Informed Graphical Neural Network for Parameter & State Estimations in Power Systems

University of Arizona(亚利桑那大学)

Laurent Pagnier, Michael Chertkov

摘要:

参数估计(PE)和状态估计(SE)是系统工程中最广泛的任务。它们需要在测量到达时自动、快速和频繁地完成。深度学习(DL)有望解决这一挑战,但就电力系统中的PE和SE而言,(a)由于缺乏基于电力的物理解释,DL没有赢得系统运营商的信任,(b)DL在数据稀缺的运营机制中仍然是虚幻的。为了解决这个问题,我们提出了一种混合方案,它嵌入到图形神经网络(GNN)的电力系统的物理建模,从而使系统运营商与一个可靠的和可解释的实时预测,然后可以用来控制关键的基础设施。为了实现PE和SE的可信DL,我们建立了一个物理信息方法,名为Power-GNN,该方法重建了有效潮流(EPF)模型中的物理参数,从而可解释参数,例如有效电力线的导纳和NN参数,这些参数代表了系统中隐含的未观察到的元素。在我们的实验中,我们在不同的现实电网上测试了Power-GNN,包括具有数千个负载和数百个发电机的电网。我们表明,Power-GNN优于不知道EPF物理的香草NN方案。

英文摘要:

Parameter Estimation (PE) and State Estimation (SE) are the most wide-spread tasks in the system engineering. They need to be done automatically, fast and frequently, as measurements arrive. Deep Learning (DL) holds the promise of tackling the challenge, however in so far, as PE and SE in power systems is concerned, (a) DL did not win trust of the system operators because of the lack of the physics of electricity based, interpretations and (b) DL remained illusive in the operational regimes were data is scarce. To address this, we present a hybrid scheme which embeds physics modeling of power systems into Graphical Neural Networks (GNN), therefore empowering system operators with a reliable and explainable real-time predictions which can then be used to control the critical infrastructure. To enable progress towards trustworthy DL for PE and SE, we build a physics-informed method, named Power-GNN, which reconstructs physical, thus interpretable, parameters within Effective Power Flow (EPF) models, such as admittances of effective power lines, and NN parameters, representing implicitly unobserved elements of the system. In our experiments, we test the Power-GNN on different realistic power networks, including these with thousands of loads and hundreds of generators. We show that the Power-GNN outperforms vanilla NN scheme unaware of the EPF physics.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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