二维血管肿瘤生长模型中肿瘤内异质性的评估
Assessment of intra-tumor heterogeneity in a two-dimensional vascular tumor growth model
摘要：
我们提出了一个二维连续模型的肿瘤生长，它把组织作为一个组成的六个不同的流体相，它们的动力学是由质量和动量守恒方程。我们的模型根据癌细胞的成熟状态将其分为两个子阶段。同样的方法也适用于脉管系统阶段，其分为幼芽（血管生成的产物）和完全形成的成熟血管。其余两个阶段对应于健康细胞和细胞外物质（ECM）。此外，该模型预见了营养化学物质的存在，其通过扩散在组织内转移或由脉管系统（血管）供应。该模型的数值求解与有限元法和计算进行商业软件Comsol Multiphysics。数值模拟预测，成熟的癌细胞与年轻的癌细胞很好地分开，形成了生长肿瘤的保护屏障。我们研究了成熟和年轻癌细胞的不同有丝分裂和死亡率对肿瘤生长率的影响，并预测年轻癌细胞的有丝分裂率高于成熟癌细胞时的加速率。
英文摘要：
We present a two-dimensional continuum model of tumor growth, which treats the tissue as a composition of six distinct fluid phases; their dynamics are governed by the equations of mass and momentum conservation. Our model divides the cancer cells phase into two sub-phases depending on their maturity state. The same approach is also applied for the vasculature phase, which is divided into young sprouts (products of angiogenesis), and fully formed-mature vessels. The remaining two phases correspond to healthy cells and extracellular material (ECM). Furthermore, the model foresees the existence of nutrient chemical species, which are transferred within the tissue through diffusion or supplied by the vasculature (blood vessels). The model is numerically solved with the Finite Elements Method and computations are performed with the commercial software Comsol Multiphysics. The numerical simulations predict that mature cancer cells are well separated from young cancer cells, which form a protective shield for the growing tumor. We study the effect of different mitosis and death rates for mature and young cancer cells on the tumor growth rate, and predict accelerated rates when the mitosis rate of young cancer cells is higher compared to mature cancer cells.
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