在临床前微型CT扫描仪中使用BGO、NaI、LYSO和HPGe探测器测量X射线管光谱的比较：蒙特卡罗模拟和实际实验
Comparison of the x-ray tube spectrum measurement using BGO, NaI, LYSO, and HPGe detectors in a preclinical mini-CT scanner: Monte Carlo simulation and practical experiment
摘要：
本研究的目的是估计不同类型的固态伽马射线探测器的固有效率和能量分辨率，以产生一个精确的双能X射线束从传统的X射线管使用外部X射线过滤器。采用高纯锗探测器（HPGe）对医用X射线管的X射线谱进行了实验测量，并通过蒙特卡罗（MC）模拟对测量结果进行了验证。从实验中获得的X射线光谱被用来评估不同的无机掺杂剂和基于掺杂剂的固态探测器，即HPGe，BGO，NaI，和LYSO的能量分辨率和探测效率，使用MC模拟。采用性能最好的探测器，通过对原始X射线束施加衰减滤波器，实验性地产生和测量双能X射线谱。模拟结果表明，HPGe探测器的能量分辨率为9.16%，其中HPGe探测器的能量分辨率的半高宽约为其他无机探测器的1/3。从各种源能量估计的X射线光谱表现出良好的协议之间的实验和模拟结果的最大差异为6%。由于HPGe探测器的高能量辨别能力，使用0.5和4.5 mm铝外部滤波器从原始X射线光谱创建和测量双能量X射线光谱，其涉及70和140 keV能量峰，具有8%重叠。HPGe探测器的实验测量和MC模拟在X射线谱的高能量分辨率估计方面表现出密切的一致性。考虑到HPGe探测器对X射线光谱的精确测量，使用外部X射线滤波器产生具有最小能量重叠的双能量X射线光谱。
英文摘要：
The aim of this study is to estimate the intrinsic efficiency and energy resolution of different types of solid-state gamma-ray detectors in order to generate a precise dual-energy x-ray beam from the conventional x-ray tube using external x-ray filters. The x-ray spectrum of a clinical x-ray tube was experimentally measured using a high purity Germanium detector (HPGe) and the obtained spectrum validated by Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. The obtained x-ray spectrum from the experiment was employed to assess the energy resolution and detection efficiency of different inorganic scintillators and semiconductor-based solid-state detectors, namely HPGe, BGO, NaI, and LYSO, using MC simulations. The best performing detector was employed to experimentally create and measure a dual-energy x-ray spectrum through applying attenuating filters to the original x-ray beam. The simulation results indicated a 9.16% energy resolution for the HPGe detector wherein the FWHM of the energy resolution for the HPGe detector was about 1/3rd of the other inorganic detectors. The x-ray spectra estimated from the various source energies exhibited a good agreement between experimental and simulation results with a maximum difference of 6%. Owing to the high-energy discrimination power of the HPGe detector, a dual-energy x-ray spectrum was created and measured from the original x-ray spectrum using 0.5 and 4.5 mm Aluminum external filters, which involves 70 and 140 keV energy peaks with 8% overlap. The experimental measurements and MC simulations of the HPGe detector exhibited close agreement in high-energy resolution estimation of the x-ray spectrum. Given the accurate measurement of the x-ray spectrum with the HPGe detector, a dual-energy x-ray spectrum was generated with minimal energy overlap using external x-ray filters.
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