面对恒星演化技术文明生存的最低条件
Minimal conditions for survival of technological civilizations in the face of stellar evolution
摘要：
星际火箭旅行的便利性是一个关系到我们自己和其他文明的长期命运以及银河系中备受争议的技术文明数量的问题。我们表明，星际旅行的物理障碍可以大大减少，如果旅行者耐心等待另一颗恒星的近距离通过。对于$\sim$ 1 Gyr的代表性时间，地球将保持可居住的剩余时间的特征，人们预计另一颗恒星在$\sim 1500$ ~AU内通过。这将星际迁移的旅行时间降低了$\sim$两个数量级，与基于与平均星际间隔相当的距离计算的旅行时间相比（即，$\sim$ 1 pc）。我们认为长寿的文明可能会如何应对恒星演化的影响，包括在宽双星的情况下，和识别系统目前正在经历一个相关的近距离接触的困难。假设生命只起源于G型恒星周围，但当原始系统变得不适合居住时，主要迁移到质量较低的宿主，那么以散居形式存在的现存技术文明的比例可以与仍然围绕其原始宿主恒星运行的比例相媲美。
英文摘要：
The ease of interstellar rocket travel is an issue with implications for the long term fate of our own and other civilizations and for the much-debated number of technological civilizations in the Galaxy. We show that the physical barrier to interstellar travel can be greatly reduced if voyagers are patient, and wait for the close passage of another star. For a representative time of $\sim$1 Gyr, characteristic of the remaining time that Earth will remain habitable, one anticipates a passage of another star within $\sim 1500$~AU. This lowers the travel time for interstellar migration by $\sim$ two orders of magnitude compared with calculated travel times based on distances comparable to average interstellar separations (i.e., $\sim$1 pc) in the solar vicinity. We consider the implications for how long-lived civilizations may respond to stellar evolution, including the case of stars in wide binaries, and the difficulties of identifying systems currently undergoing a relevant close encounter. Assuming that life originates only around G-type stars, but migrates primarily to lower mass hosts when the original system becomes uninhabitable, the fraction of extant technological civilizations that exist as diaspora can be comparable to the fraction that still orbit their original host stars.
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