真空变形中的中微子接触：$H_0$解决方案回来了吗？
Touch of Neutrinos on the Vacuum Metamorphosis: is the $H_0$ Solution Back?
摘要：
随着宇宙学进入高精度实验的新时代，低和高红移观测引发了对当今膨胀率（$H_0$）和物质成团（$S_8$）测量的紧张局势。我们提供了一个同时解释这些紧张局势使用帕克-拉瓦尔真空变形（VM）模型与中微子部门扩展超出三个无质量的标准模型的味道和宇宙的曲率被认为是一个模型参数。为了估计对宇宙学观测量的影响，我们在标准\texttt{CosmoMC}管道中实现了VM模型的各种扩展，并确定哪些参数空间区域在经验上是可行的，以解决$H_0$和$S_8$紧张局势。我们发现，物理驱动的VM模型，它具有相同数量的自由参数，在空间平坦的$Λ$ CDM模型的似然分析，总是给$H_0$在协议与当地的测量（即使当BAO或万神殿数据包括在内）的价格更大的$χ^2$比$Λ$ CDM。包含大量中微子和额外的相对论性物种量化通过两个众所周知的参数$\sum m_ν$和$N_{\rm eff}$，不修改这个结果，并在某些情况下，提高了拟合的优度。特别是，对于原始VM+ $\sum m_ν$ + $N_{\rm eff}$和普朗克+BAO+万神殿数据集组合，我们发现$\sum m_ν=0.80^{+0.18}_{-0.22}~{\rm eV}$在超过$3σ$的证据，没有额外的中微子种类的迹象，$H_0=71.0\pm1.2$ ~km/s/Mpc与本地测量一致，和$S_8=0.755\pm0.032$，解决了与弱透镜测量的张力。[删节]
英文摘要：
With the entrance of cosmology in its new era of high precision experiments, low- and high-redshift observations set off tensions in the measurements of both the present-day expansion rate ($H_0$) and the clustering of matter ($S_8$). We provide a simultaneous explanation of these tensions using the Parker-Raval Vacuum Metamorphosis (VM) model with the neutrino sector extended beyond the three massless Standard Model flavours and the curvature of the universe considered as a model parameter. To estimate the effect on cosmological observables we implement various extensions of the VM model in the standard \texttt{CosmoMC} pipeline and establish which regions of parameter space are empirically viable to resolve the $H_0$ and $S_8$ tensions. We find that the likelihood analyses of the physically motivated VM model, which has the same number of free parameters as in the spatially-flat $Λ$CDM model, always gives $H_0$ in agreement with the local measurements (even when BAO or Pantheon data are included) at the price of much larger $χ^2$ than $Λ$CDM. The inclusion of massive neutrinos and extra relativistic species quantified through two well known parameters $\sum m_ν$ and $N_{\rm eff}$, does not modify this result, and in some cases improves the goodness of the fit. In particular, for the original VM+$\sum m_ν$+$N_{\rm eff}$ and the Planck+BAO+Pantheon dataset combination, we find evidence for $\sum m_ν=0.80^{+0.18}_{-0.22}~{\rm eV}$ at more than $3σ$, no indication for extra neutrino species, $H_0=71.0\pm1.2$~km/s/Mpc in agreement with local measurements, and $S_8=0.755\pm0.032$ that solves the tension with the weak lensing measurements. [Abridged]
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