We examine the constraints on sub-GeV dark sector particles set by the proto-neutron star cooling associated with the core-collapse supernova event SN1987a. Considering explicitly a dark photon portal dark sector model, we compute the relevant interaction rates of dark photon ($A'$) and dark fermion ($χ$) with the Standard Model particles as well as their self-interaction inside the dark sector. We find that even with a small dark sector fine structure constant $α_D\ll 1$, dark sector self-interactions can easily lead to their own self-trapping. This effect strongly limits the energy luminosity carried away by dark sector particles from the supernova core and thus drastically affects the parameter space that can be constrained by SN1987a. We consider specifically two mass ratios $m_{A'}=3m_χ$ and $3m_{A'}=m_χ$ which represent scenarios where the decay of $A'$ to $χ\barχ$ is allowed or not. We show that SN1987a can only place bounds on the dark sector when $α_D\lesssim 10^{-15}$ ($10^{-7}$) for the former (latter) for $m_χ\lesssim 20$ MeV. Furthermore, this evades the supernova bounds on the widely-examined dark photon parameter space completely if $α_D\lesssim 10^{-7}$ for the former, while lifts the bounds when $α_D\lesssim 10^{-7}$ if $m_χ\lesssim 100$ MeV. Our findings thus imply that the existing supernova bounds on light dark particles can be generally evaded by a similar self-trapping mechanism. This also implies that non-standard strongly self-interacting neutrino is not consistent with the SN1987a observation. Same effects can also take place for other known stellar bounds on dark sector particles.
Proto-neutron stars forming a few seconds after core-collapse supernovae are hot and dense environments where hyperons can be efficiently produced by weak processes. By making use of various state-of-the-art supernova simulations combined with the proper extensions of the equations of state including $Λ$ hyperons, we calculate the cooling of the star induced by the emission of dark bosons $X^0$ through the decay $Λ\to n X^0$. Comparing this novel energy-loss process to the neutrino cooling of SN 1987A allows us to set stringent constraints on massless dark photons and axions with flavor-violat…
Proto-neutron stars forming a few seconds after core-collapse supernovae are hot and dense environments where hyperons can be efficiently produced by weak processes. By making use of various state-of-the-art supernova simulations combined with the proper extensions of the equations of state including $Λ$ hyperons, we calculate the cooling of the star induced by the emission of dark particles $X^0$ through the decay $Λ\to n X^0$. Comparing this novel energy-loss process to the neutrino cooling of SN 1987A allows us to set a stringent upper limit on the branching fraction, BR$(Λ\to n X^0)\leq 8\…
Feebly interacting particles with masses with O(10-100) MeV can be copiously produced by core-collapse supernovae (SNe). In this paper we consider the case of MeV-ish sterile neutrinos and dark photons mixed with ordinary neutrinos and photons, respectively. Furthermore, both sterile neutrinos and dark photons may decay into positrons on their route to Earth. Such positrons would annihilate with electrons in the Galactic medium and contribute to the photon flux in the 511 keV line. Using the SPI (SPectrometer on INTEGRAL) observation of this line improves the bounds on the mixing parameters fo…
Circumstellar Medium of Supernovae as New Probes for Feebly Interacting Particles
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)（韩国科学技术院）；Institute for Basic Science（基础科学研究院）；Academia Sinica（中央研究院）；National Center for Theoretical Sciences（国家理论科学中心）；Kyungpook National University（庆北国立大学）
Super-knee cosmic rays from interacting supernovae
Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University（东北大学前沿跨学科研究院）；Astronomical Institute, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University（东北大学理学研究科天文研究所）
Can a secluded self-interacting dark sector generate detectable gravitational waves?
Henan Normal University（河南师范大学）；Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院理论物理研究所）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Jinan University（暨南大学）；Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学李政道研究所）；Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学）
Probing Feebly Interacting Particles with 511 keV Line from Circumstellar Medium of Supernovae
University of Chicago（芝加哥大学）；Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)（韩国科学技术院）；Institute for Basic Science（基础科学研究院）；Academia Sinica（中央研究院）；National Center for Theoretical Sciences（国家理论科学中心）；Kyungpook National University（庆北国立大学）
Dark matter direct detection experiments have poor sensitivity to a galactic population of dark matter with mass below the GeV scale. However, such dark matter can be produced copiously in supernovae. Since this thermally-produced population is much hotter than the galactic dark matter, it can be observed with direct detection experiments. In this paper, we focus on a dark sector with fermion dark matter and a heavy dark photon as a specific example. We first extend existing supernova cooling constraints on this model to the regime of strong coupling where the dark matter becomes diffusively t…
Introducing a vacuum angle $θ_h$ in a strongly interacting hidden sector like QCD, we study how $θ_h$ affects physical quantities in a scale invariant extension of the standard model with that hidden sector. In this model the dynamical chiral symmetry breaking occurs in the hidden sector and generates a scale $ \vert \langle {\bar q} q \rangle \vert $ which triggers electroweak symmetry breaking. We find that the expression for a vacuum expectation value of the Higgs field depends on $θ_h$, while the condition which determines the Higgs particle mass does not. This model contains the hidden-se…
The short distance behavior of dark matter (DM) at galaxy scales exhibits several features not explained by the typical cold dark matter (CDM) with velocity-independent cross-section. We discuss a particle physics model with a hidden sector interacting feebly with the visible sector where a dark fermion self-interacts via a dark force with a light dark photon as the mediator. We study coupled Boltzmann equations involving two temperatures, one for each sector. We fit the velocity-dependent DM cross-section to the data from scales of dwarf galaxies to clusters consistent with relic density cons…
The constraints on non-minimal dark sectors involving ensembles of unstable dark-matter species are well established and quite stringent in cases in which these species decay to visible-sector particles. However, in cases in which these ensembles decay exclusively to other, lighter dark-sector states, the corresponding constraints are less well established. In this paper, we investigate how information about the expansion rate of the universe at low redshifts gleaned from observations of Type Ia supernovae can be used to constrain ensembles of unstable particles which decay primarily into dark…
It has been intensively discussed if modifications in the dynamics of the Universe at late times is able or not to solve the $H_0$ tension. On the other hand, it has also been argued that the $H_0$ tension is actually a tension on the supernova absolute magnitude $M_B$. In this work, we robustly constraint $M_B$ using Pantheon Supernovae Ia (SN) sample, Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO), and Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) data, and assess the $M_B$ tension by comparing three theoretical models, namely the standard $Λ$CDM, the $w$CDM and a non-gravitational interaction (IDE) between dark energ…
We report the coupling of an external $γγ$ or $t\bar t$ state to a strongly interacting EWSBS satisfying unitarity. We exploit perturbation theory for those coupling of the external state, whereas the EWSBS is taken as strongly interacting. We use a modified version of the IAM unitarization procedure to model such a strongly interacting regime. The matrix elements $V_LV_L\to V_LV_L$, $V_LV_L\leftrightarrow hh$, $hh\to hh$, $V_LV_L\leftrightarrow\{γγ,t\bar t\}$, and $hh\leftrightarrow\{γγ,t\bar t\}$ are all computed to NLO in perturbation theory with the Nonlinear Effective Field Theory of the …
In this thesis, we start by reviewing all constraints applying on self-interacting DM with a light mediator considering well-known Higgs portal and Kinetic Mixing portal models as concrete examples. Then, we elaborate on the Sommerfeld effect, and we study its many implications on self-interacting DM models with light mediator. Next, we investigate how to account for the DM relic abundance in such portal models which present a generic structure with three populations (Standard Model, DM and mediator particles) connected to each other through three interactions resulting from two coupling stren…
Supernovae (SNe) with strong interactions with circumstellar material (CSM) are promising candidate sources of high-energy neutrinos and gamma rays, and have been suggested as an important contributor to Galactic cosmic rays beyond 1 PeV. Taking into account the shock dissipation by a fast velocity component of SN ejecta, we present comprehensive calculations of the non-thermal emission from SNe powered by shock interactions with a dense wind or CSM. Remarkably, we consider electromagnetic cascades in the radiation zone and subsequent attenuation in the pre-shock CSM. A new time-dependent phen…
We consider an interacting field theory model that describes the dark energy - dark matter interaction. Only for a specific interaction term, this interacting field theory description has an equivalent interacting fluid description. For inverse power law potentials and linear interaction function, we show that the interacting dark sector model with field-fluid mapping is consistent with \textit{four cosmological data sets} -- Hubble parameter measurements (Hz), Baryonic Acoustic Oscillation data (BAO), Supernova Type Ia data (SN), and High redshift HII galaxy measurements (HIIG). More specific…
There is no unique way to describe the dark energy-dark matter interaction, as we have little information about the nature and dynamics of the dark sector. Hence, in many of the phenomenological dark matter fluid interaction models in the literature, the interaction strength $Q_ν$ in the dark sector is introduced by hand. Demanding that the interaction strength $Q_ν$ in the dark sector must have a field theory description, we obtain a unique form of interaction strength. We show the equivalence between the fields and fluids for the $f(R,χ)$ model where $f$ is an arbitrary, smooth function of $…
We study the cosmology and LHC phenomenology of a consistent strongly interacting dark sector coupled to Standard Model particles through a generic vector mediator. We lay out the requirements for the model to be cosmologically viable, identify annihilations into dark vector mesons as the dominant dark matter freeze-out process and discuss bounds from direct detection. At the LHC the model predicts dark showers, which can give rise to semi-visible jets or displaced vertices. Existing searches for di-jet resonances and for missing energy mostly probe the parameter regions where prompt decays ar…
