In the present paper, an efficient method to generate "pure" cylindrically converging shock wave without a following contact surface is proposed firstly. Then, the Richtmyer-Meshkov instabilities of two interfaces driven by the generated cylindrically converging shock wave and the associated fluids' mixing behaviors are numerically studied. The results show that the instability of the interface is characterized by the growth of perturbation amplitude before re-shock. However, the mixing of fluids is enhanced dramatically after re-shock, which is manifested not only by the evolutions of flow structures but also by the temporal behaviors of mixing parameters. Further investigation shows that, although these two cases are of different initial perturbations, their evolutions of mixing width and other mixing parameters such as molecular mixing fraction, local anisotropy and density-specific volume correlation could achieve the same laws of temporal behavior, especially during the later stage after re-shock. These results to some extent demonstrate that there also exist scaling law and temporal asymptotic behaviors in the mixing zone for cylindrically converging shock wave driven interface. Moreover, the analyses of turbulent kinetic energy spectrums in the azimuthal direction at late stage also witness the $k^{-5/3}$ decaying law of turbulent kinetic energy for the present inhomogeneity flows driven by cylindrically converging shock wave, which further manifests that the fluids' mixing is indeed enhanced at later time after re-shock.
A 2d unsteady bicharacteristic scheme with shock fitting is presented and its characteristic step, shock point step and boundary step are described. The bicharacteristic scheme is compared with an UNO scheme and the Moretti scheme. Its capabilities are illustrated by computing a converging, deformed shock wave.
Molecular Dynamic (MD) approach is applied to study the converging cylindrical shock waves in a dense Lennard-Jones (LJ) fluid. MD method is based on tracking of the atom motions and hence it has an fundamental advantages over hydrodynamic methods which assumes shocks as a structureless discontinuity and requires an equation of state. Due to the small thickness of shock fronts in liquid the two million particles is enough to simulate propagation of a cylindrical shocks in close detail. We investigate stability of converging shocks with different perturbation modes and its mixture. It was shown…
The condition of linear instability for a converging cylindrical shock wave in an arbitrary inviscid medium is obtained. The shape of resulting shock wave front is not changed significantly, but the restriction of energy cumulation can be caused by exponential grows of the medium rotation behind the front. The correspondence with experimental and simulation data is considered.
Self-similar solutions to converging (implosions) and diverging (explosions) shocks have been studied before, in planar, cylindrical or spherical symmetry. Here we offer a unified treatment of these apparently disconnected problems . We study the flow of an ideal gas with adiabatic index $γ$ with initial density $ρ\sim r^{-ω}$, containing a strong shock wave. We characterize the self-similar solutions in the entirety of the parameter space $γ,ω$, and draw the connections between the different geometries. We find that only type II self-similar solutions are valid in converging shocks, and that …
The commonly applied self-similar solution of the problem of the converging shock wave (shock) evolution with constant compression of the medium behind the shock front results in an unlimited increase of the medium velocity in the vicinity of the implosion. In this paper, the convergence of cylindrical shocks in water is analyzed using the mass conservation law, when the water compression behind the shock front is a variable. The model predicts a finite range of radii, which depends on the adiabatic index of water and where the increase in pressure exceeds the sum of the change of the kinetic …
The condition of linear instability for a converging cylindrical strong shock wave (SW) in an arbitrary viscous medium is obtained in the limit of a large stationary SW radius, when it is possible to consider the same Rankine-Hugoniot jump relations as for the plane SW. This condition of instability is substantially different from the condition of instability for the plane SW because a cylindrical SW does not have chiral symmetry in the direction of the SW velocity (from left to right or vice versa) as in the case of a plane SW. The exponential growth rate of perturbations for the converging c…
The Richtmyer-Meshkov instability (RMI) refers to the baroclinic generation of vorticity at a perturbed density interface when impacted by a shock wave. It is often thought of as the impulsive limit of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability (RTI). The fluid dynamics video "large-eddy simulations (LES) of RMI in a converging geometry" shows the mixing of materials resulting from the interaction of an imploding cylindrical shock wave with a concentric perturbed interface that separates outside light gas from heavy gas (initially 5 times denser) inside a wedge. At the initial impact, the incident shock …
High temperature radiating Air is produced experimentally by focusing a shock wave with the help of a spherically converging test section attached to a shock tube. The converging section concentrates the shock to a point with minimum diffusion losses. A shift in radiation towards the UV region was observed with an increase in the strength of the focusing shock wave. The atomic and molecular emission was observed from the radiation spectrum. Along with the emission from molecules of Air, emissions from contaminations were also observed. The temperature of the radiating gas was estimated using t…
As modern hydrodynamic codes increase in sophistication, the availability of realistic test problems becomes increasingly important. In gas dynamics, one common unrealistic aspect of most test problems is the ideal gas assumption, which is unsuited to many real applications, especially those involving high pressure and speed metal deformation. Our work considers the collapsing cavity and converging shock test problems, showing to what extent the ideal gas assumption can be removed from their specification. It is found that while most materials simply do not admit simple (i.e. scaling) solution…
We extend Guderley's problem of finding a self-similar scaling solution for a converging cylindrical or spherical shock wave from the ideal gas case to the case of flows with an arbitrary equation of state closure model, giving necessary conditions for the existence of a solution. The necessary condition is a thermodynamic one, namely that the adiabatic bulk modulus, $K_S$, of the fluid be of the form $pf(ρ)$ where $p$ is pressure, $ρ$ is mass density, and $f$ is an arbitrary function. Although this condition has appeared in the literature before, here we give a more rigorous and extensive tre…
The present work aims to study the phenomenon of shock wave focusing and the effect of viscosity in it. The focusing is achieved with a shock tube and a converging section attached to it. The converging section transforms the planar shock into a spherical shock and focuses it into a confined area. A shock of an initial strength Ms=2.94 has been chosen for the present studies. A detailed numerical study of the focusing region shows the formation of a mushroom-shaped structure behind the reflected shock and vortex formation. This was visualised through numerical shadowgraph images and by tracing…
In the range of $h_c<h<1+2 M_2$, where $h$ is the D'yakov-Kontorovich parameter, $h_c$ is its critical value corresponding to the onset of the spontaneous acoustic emission, and $M_2$ is the downstream Mach number, the classic analysis predicts a special form of the instability of isolated steady planar shock waves: non-decaying oscillations of shock-front ripples. For spherically and cylindrically expanding steady shock waves, we demonstrate instead an instability in a literal sense, a power-law growth of shock-front perturbations with time. As the parameter $h$ increases from $h_c$ to $1+2 M…
Previous work has shown that the one-dimensional (1D) inviscid compressible flow (Euler) equations admit a wide variety of scale-invariant solutions (including the famous Noh, Sedov, and Guderley shock solutions) when the included equation of state (EOS) closure model assumes a certain scale-invariant form. However, this scale-invariant EOS class does not include even simple models used for shock compression of crystalline solids, including many broadly applicable representations of Mie-Grüneisen EOS. Intuitively, this incompatibility naturally arises from the presence of multiple dimensional …
A detailed numerical study on the phenomenon of Shock Wave focusing in air is carried out. The focusing phenomenon is achieved with the help of a shock tube and a converging section attached to it. The planar shock generated inside the shock tube is converted to spherical shock with the help of the converging section and is focused to a point. High-temperature effects like temperature-dependent Cp variation and chemical reactions corresponding to dissociated air are included in the simulation. The chemical reactions including the dissociation, recombination and ionization of nine species of ai…
The focusing of a secondary shock wave was experimentally recorded during the implementation of an extended nanosecond high-current discharge of a cylindrical configuration in air. Using high-speed shadowgraph recording (up to 300 000 frames/s) of the emerging unsteady flow, cylindrically symmetric gas-dynamic discontinuities were visualized: a diverging shock wave moving from the discharge plasma boundary, a diverging contact discontinuity separating the shock-heated gas from the nonequilibrium region excited by the discharge plasma, and also a converging compression wave (secondary shock wav…
Self-similar solutions to the problem of a strong imploding relativistic shock wave are calculated. These solutions represent the relativistic generalisation of the Newtonian Gouderley-Landau-Stanyukovich problem of a strong imploding spherical shock wave converging to a centre. The solutions are found assuming that the pre-shocked flow has a uniform density, and are accurate for sufficiently large times after the formation of the shock wave.
In this fluid dynamic video we present simulations of converging two-dimensional detonation in a radially expanding supersonic flow of ideal reactive gas. The detonation is found to be unstable and leads to formation of characteristic cellular patterns. Without any obstacles in the flow, the detonation keeps expanding radially. To retain the wave within a bounded region, we place a number of rigid obstacles in the flow so that the detonation shock stands some distance toward the center from the obstacles. This leads to generation of reflected shock waves from the obstacles which help the deton…
We show that converging spherical and cylindrical shock waves may ignite a detonation wave in a combustible medium, provided the radius at which the shocks become strong exceeds a critical radius, R_c. An approximate analytic expression for R_c is derived for an ideal gas equation of state and a simple (power-law-Arrhenius) reaction law, and shown to reproduce the results of numerical solutions. For typical acetylene-air experiments we find R_c~0.1 mm (spherical) and R_c~1 mm (cylindrical). We suggest that the deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) observed in these systems may be due to …
Two converging and superimposing shock and Rayleigh waves are generated on a glass substrate by focusing laser pulses on two concentric rings in a bullseye configuration (67\mm~and 96\mm~radii). We study experimentally the threshold for substrate damage as a function of the number of repetitions and the delay (0-20\,ns). The bullseye focusing experiments are compared to a single focusing ring. Additionally, fluid-structure interaction simulations using a Volume-of-Fluid framework are utilized to estimate the stresses. The lowest number of repetitions to attain surface damage is found for const…
Guderley's 1942 work on radial shock waves provides cases of self-similar Euler flows exhibiting blowup of primary (undifferentiated) flow variables: a converging shock wave invades a quiescent region, and the velocity and pressure in its immediate wake become unbounded at time of collapse. However, these solutions are of border-line physicality: the pressure vanishes within the quiescent region due to vanishing temperature there. It is reasonable that the lack of upstream counter-pressure is conducive to large speeds, with concomitant large amplitudes. Based on Guderley's original solutions i…
In analogy to gas-dynamical detonation waves, which consist of a shock with an attached exothermic reaction zone, we consider herein nonlinear traveling wave solutions, termed "jamitons," to the hyperbolic ("inviscid") continuum traffic equations. Generic existence criteria are examined in the context of the Lax entropy conditions. Our analysis naturally precludes traveling wave solutions for which the shocks travel downstream more rapidly than individual vehicles. Consistent with recent experimental observations from a periodic roadway (Sugiyama et al., New Journal of Physics, 10, 2008), our …
